Introduction to 2n4403
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Introduction to 2n4403. It is basically PNP(Positive-negative-Positive) bipolar junction transistor where N doped layer is sandwiched between the two P doped layers. It comes in plastic TO-92 compact casing. I'll try to give you brief details about this transistor so you don't need to go anywhere for finding the information regarding this transistor. Let's get started.
Introduction to 2n4403
- 2n4403 is a PNP bipolar junction transistor where conduction is carried out by the movement of holes and electrons but majority charge carriers will be holes.
- It consists of three terminals named as emitter base collector. N layer represents the base of the transistor while other two layers represent emitter and collector respectively.
- It works similar to NPN transistor where small amount of current at the base side is used to control the large current at the emitter and collector side.
- As it is a PNP transistor so base terminal will be negative with respect to emitter.
- Most of the transistors behave like a switch because when we apply small voltage at the base side, it is used to control the large current at the emitter and collector side and switch will be considered ON.
- When there is no bias at the base side the switch is considered OFF.
- PNP transistors also known as current controlled device because small current at the base side is used to control the large current at the emitter and collector side.
2n4403 Pinout
2n4403 is a bipolar junction transistor which consists of three terminals.
1: Emitter
2: Base
3: Collector
- The small current that leaves the base will be amplified at the collector output.
- This PNP transistor will only conduct if base is negative with respect to emitter terminal.
2n4403 Circuit Symbol
Circuit symbol of 2n4403 is shown in the figure below.
- PNP transistor can be considered normally OFF, but negative voltage at the base side and small out put current can turn it ON and helps in flowing large emitter-collector current.
- PNP will only conduct when voltage at the collector side Vc is much smaller than voltage at the emitter side Ve.
- Current at the emitter side is the sum of current at the base and collector side.
Absolute Maximum Ratings of 2n4403
Absolute maximum ratings of 2n4403 is shown in the figure below.
- It is important to note that if stresses are exceeded from absolute maximum ratings, they can damage the device.
- Similarly if stresses are applied for extended period of time above the normal operating condition, they can effect the device reliability.
Transistor as a Matched Switch
- In most of the cases PNP transistors widely replace NPN transistors and they can also be used as a switch.
- You may come across a question what do we use PNP transistors while NPN can be widely used for switching and amplification purpose. However, when we combine these two different types of transistors, they come with a lots of advantages.
- Class-B amplifiers are incorporated with two pairs of PNP and NPN transistors, where both transistors are used to control the direction of current flowing in both directions at any time.
- Transistors are termed as “Complementary Transistors” which use both NPN and PNP transistor of identical characteristics.
- Both transistors, in Class B-amplifiers, work in a similar way i.e. PNP transistor conducts for the negative half cycle of the transistor while NPN transistors conducts for the positive half cycle. This results in flowing the power at the load out put in both directions. PNP transistors will switch on when it sinks current to its base side and it will switch off when current at the base side stops to flow.
Difference between PNP and NPN transistors
- Both NPN and PNP transistor features same characteristics with some exceptions.
- In case of PNP all the voltage polarities and current directions will be reversed as compared to NPN transistors and majority charge carriers will be holes in case of PNP transistors.
- Also PNP transistor will sink current at the base side while in case of NPN transistor it sources current through its base.
- The base gets biased with the addition of negative voltage which then controls the large amount of current at the emitter and collector side.
- Some professionals prefer NPN transistor over PNP transistors because conduction due to mobility of electrons is considered better than the mobility of holes.
Applications
- PNP can also be used as voltage and power amplification purpose.
- When NPN transistors are incorporated with PNP transistors, they construct a perfect bond through which current flows alternately from both sides of NPN and PNP transistors.
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Introduction to 2n3819
Hi Everyone! We always enjoy when you keep coming back for what we have to offer. I try my best to keep you updated with some information relating to your field so you don't feel overwhelmed and exhausted and visit our website with regular intervals. Today, I am going to uncover the detail on the
Introduction to 2n3819. It is an N-Channel JFET which comes in TO-92 envelop and is widely used for general purpose amplification and analog switching. I'll give you a brief details about this JFET so you don't need to go anywhere for finding the information regarding this transistor. Let's get started.
Introduction to 2n3819
- 2n3819 is an N-Channel JFET(Junction Field Effect Transistor) which is mainly used for general purpose amplification and analog switching.
- It contains three terminals named as gate, drain and source.
- There are two types of JFET i.e N channel and P channel JFET. As it is an N-Channel JFET so conduction will be carried out by the movement of electrons.
- Unlike BJT(Bipolar junction transistor), this N-Channel JFET is a uni-polar device because conduction is carried out by single charge carriers i.e electrons.
- Three terminals source gate and drain are the analogous of emitter base and collector of BJTs.
- 2n3819 is a low-cost device which exhibits high performance at mid-to-high frequencies.
- It shows low leakage and noise and exhibits high gain at 100 MHz.
- Conduction will be achieved when electrons will emit from the gate and are collected by the drain terminal.
- There exists a conduction path between source and drain which is termed as channel.
- This JFET is also termed as voltage control device because small voltage at the gate terminal is used to control the conduction between source and drain terminals.
- The increase in initial input voltage at the gate terminal will help in increasing the channel path between source and drain terminals which ultimately increases the overall conductivity of the channel.
- This JFET can be used as voltage controlled resistors, amplifiers, and electronically controlled switches.
- It exhibits large input impedance up to thousands of ohm hence it doesn't effect the external components that we attach to its gate terminal.
2n3819 Pinout
2n3819 mainly consists of three terminals.
1: Source
2: Gate
3: Drain
- Current will from flow from source to drain.
- It is a voltage control device and gate draws no current.
Working of N-Channel 2n3819
- There exists a conduction path between source and drain.
- The amount of electric charge can be controlled passing through the channel.
- By liming the area of channel path we can limit the charge flow from source to drain terminals.
- Conduction channel is made using the field effect. When a positive voltage is applied at the gate and source terminals it helps in reverse biasing the gate-source pn-junction, which ultimately enlarges the depletion region.
- Following figure shows the P-Type gate is diffused in the N-Type material which forms the reverse biased pn-junction.
- This pn-junction will create a depletion region around the gate terminal.
- It is called depletion region because no charge carriers exist in this region.
- This depletion region will create a potential gradient around the pn-junction, and helps in limiting the flow of current between channel from source to drain by reducing the width of the conduction channel.
- N-Channel JFET sometimes referred as depletion mode devices when there is no voltage applied at the gate terminal.
- The conduction from source to drain will stop when depletion layer exceeds the width of the conduction channel.
- The point at which conduction stops is called pinch off region.
- Pinch off value is different for different transistors.
- In order to switch off this N-Channel JFET, negative gate-source voltage is required Vgs.
Absolute Maximum Ratings of 2n3819
Absolute maximum rating of 2n3819 is shown in the figure below.
- It is important to note that if stresses are exceeded from the given absolute value, they can harm the device.
- Also, if stresses are applied for extended period of time above the normal operating conditions, they can effect the device reliability.
Applications
- 2n3819 is widely used for high frequency amplifier.
- It can be used in low capacitance switches.
- For general purpose amplification and analog switching we use this N-Channel JFET.
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