The Engineering Projects

Introduction to LM833

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine ad having fun. Today, I am going to given an elaboration on Introduction to LM833. LM-833 is basically a dual general purpose amplifier. It is usually designed for audio systems. LM 833 is the most common Integrated Circuit (IC) available in the market now a days. This is due to its low cost and high performance activities. It uses bipolar technology. LM-833 has several different features which make it ideal for general purpose applications. These features include dual supply operation, large input voltage swing, higher gain bandwidth product, higher slew rates, small input offset voltage supply etc. LM- 833 has different real life applications. These application ranges include High Fidelity (HiFi) audio systems, microphone amplifier circuits, general purpose amplifiers, filtering, pre-amplification, set top box etc. The further detail about LM-833 will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to LM833

LM833 is simply a dual general purpose amplifier. It is specially designed for audio systems. Due to its low cost and high performances it is the most common IC available in the market these days. It follows the bipolar technology. Dual supply operation, high gain bandwidth product, high slew rates, small input offset voltage are its amazing and most common features. Moreover, it can be used in pre-amplification, set top box, microphone amplifiers etc. LM-833 is shown in the figure below.

1. LM833 Pins

• LM 833 has total 8 pins, four on the left side of the IC and the remaining four on the right side.
• LM 833 all pins are given in the table shown below.

2. LM833 Pins Description

• The function of each pin is different from the other.
• All of the functions associated with each of the pi are given in the table shown below.

3. LM833 Pinout

• Pinout diagram helps us to understand the pin configurations of an electronic device.
• LM-833 pinout diagram is shown in the figure below.

4. LM833 Packages

• Packages presents the different models of the same equipment.
• LM 833 packages are shown in the table below.

5. LM833 Packages Dimensions

• Each package has different dimensions, LM 833 has three different packages.
• LM-833 package dimensions are given in the figure below.

6. LM833 Symbolic Representation

• The symbolic representation of a device shows the internal structure of the device.
• LM-833 symbolic representation is given in the figure below.

7. LM833 Ratings

• Ratings show the power, current and voltage requirement of any device.
• LM-833 ratings are given in the figure below.

8. LM833 Features

• The device becomes popular due to the uniqueness of its features.
• LM 833 features are given in the figure below.

9. LM833 Applications

• The device is usually recognized in the market on the basis of its applications.
• LM 833 applications are listed in the table shown in the figure below.

That is all from the tutorial Introduction to LM833. The whole discussion consists of pins, pin configurations, symbolic representation, feature, packages and applications of the IC LM-833. I hope this proved to be an informative article for you. I have tried to cover all the important points, let me know if I have missed something. I will update the article accordingly. In my upcoming tutorials I will share the detailed information about such different IC's. So, till then take care :)

Introduction to LM2902

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to tell you guys about Introduction to LM2902. LM2902 basically has four (4) internal builtin operational amplifiers. There builtin amplifiers are internally frequency compensated. The basic purpose behind designing this type of device is to support control systems in industries as well as automotive applications. LM-2902 is capable of operating for a wide range of voltages using a single power supply source. Moreover, we can also operate this device from a split power source. Low current drain supply and magnitude of the power supply source, both are totally independent to each other. LM-2902 has a lot of features which make it different from the standard general IC's. These features include wide gain bandwidth, high voltage gain, common mode input voltage includes ground, low input offset current, low input bias current, wide voltage supply ranges and many more. In real life LM 2575 can be used at several different places e.g. transducer amplifier, conventional operational amplifier circuits, DC gain blocks, weigh scales, LCD & digital TV's, DVD players, DVD recorders, multi-meters and a lot more. The further detail about LM-2902 will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to LM2902

LM2902 has four built-in operational amplifiers which are internally frequency compensated. The special purpose to design is to support the automotive industrial applications and control systems. Wide voltage supply ranges, low input offset current, low input bias current are some of the most common features associated with LM-2902. It can be used in multi-meters, oscilloscopes, LCD TV's, DC gain blocks etc. LM-2902 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LM2902 Pins

• LM-2902 has fourteen pins, which have different tasks to perform.
• LM-2902 all of the pins are given in the table shown in the figure below.

 

2. LM2902 Pins Description

• Each pin has different individual task/operation to perform assigned to it.
• LM-2902 pins functions are listed in the table given in the figure shown below.

3. LM2902 Pinout

• If you want to know about the pins configurations of an electronic device, you must look at its pinout diagram.
• LM-2902 pinout diagram is given in the figure shown below.

4. LM2902 Packages

• To easily differentiate the different models of the same device, packages are introduced.
• LM-2902 packages are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

5. LM2902 Packages Dimensions

• Each package is assigned with the different dimensions.
• LM-2902 packages along with their dimensions are given in the tale shown in the figure given below.

6. LM2902 Symbolic Form

• Internal structure of any of the device can be understand through its symbolic representation.
• LM-2902 symbolic representation is shown in the figure given below.

7. LM2902 Ratings

• The amount of power required to operate any device can be estimated through its power ratings.
• LM-2902 ratings are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

8. LM2902 Features

• A device can be popular or can be flopped on the basis of the nature of its features.
• LM-2902 most common features are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

9. LM2902 Applucations

• Applications play a vital role in the importance of any device in real life.
• LM-2902 real life applications are given in the table shown in the figure given below.

The tutorial Introduction to LM2902 has provided the entire necessary to understand the basics of and Integrated Circuit (IC) named as LM-2902. If you have any problem you can ask us in comments anytime you want to ask. I and my team will surely guide you in some better way, if possible. I will share different informative topics in my upcoming tutorials. So bye till then :)

Introduction to LM2575

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to give you an elaboration on Introduction to LM2575. LM2575 is specially designed to simply the design of switching power supplies. It can be done by providing all the necessary active functions required in Integrated Circuit (IC) for step down regulators. LM-2575 can deliver load current of around 1A along with the good line regulation as well as load regulation. LM 2575 has  different builtin functions e.g. frequency compensation, cycle by cycle current limiting, oscillator with the fixed frequency and a lot more. LM-2575 has many amazing features i.e. it can reduce the heat sink size due to its higher efficiency parameter. In some cases even heat sink is not required. There are several different features including wide output voltage range, high efficiency, wide input voltage ranges, thermal shutdown, TTL shutdown, particular 1A output current. Moreover, LM-2575 has a lot of different applications e.g. high efficiency step down regulator, pre regulator for linear regulators, on card switching regulators, positive to negative converters also known as buck boost. The further detail about LM-2575 will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to LM2575

LM2575 is designed for simplifying the design of switching power supplies. We can do it by providing the active functions necessary for step down regulators. It can deliver a load up to 1 ampere current. Its builtin features include internal frequency compensation, cycle by cycle current limiting, fixed frequency oscillator etc. It can be used in on card switching regulators, positive to negative regulators. LM-2575 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LM2575 Pins

• LM 2575 has five (5) pins in total, having different functions.
• These pins are listed in the figure shown below.

2. LM2575 Pins Description

• Pins functions are necessary to be known for the use of any device.
• These pin functions are listed in the function given below.

3. LM2575 Pinout

• Pin configurations can be understand from pinout diagram of any of the electronic device.
• LM-2575 pinout diagram is shown in the figure given below.

4. LM2575 Package

• The different package numbers are assigned to different versions of the same device.
• LM-2575 package is shown in the table given below.

5. LM2575 Package Dimension

• Each package of a device is assigned with the different unique dimension,
• LM-2575 has only a single package and its dimension is shown in the table shown in the figure below.

6. LM2575 Symbolic Representation

• Internal structure of a device can be estimated through its symbolic form.
• LM 2575 symbolic form is given in the figure shown below.

7. LM2575 Ratings

• Before using any device, we must know about its power requirements.
• These power requirements can be estimated from its ratings.
• LM-2575 ratings are listed along with their units in the table shown in the figure given below.

8. LM2575 Features

• Unique features of a device can make it efficient for a lot of purposes.
• LM 2575 features are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

9. LM2575 Applications

• LM 2575 can be used at several different places in real life.
• Its some of the most common applications are given in the table shown below.

The tutorial Introduction to LM2575 has thoroughly explained the methods and necessary information about the basic and simple use of the integrated circuit named as LM-2575. I have tried my level best to cover up all the desire information about its basic use, if you find something missing, please do tell me in comments so that I can update it accordingly. I will share further topics in my upcoming tutorials. So, take care till then and bye :)

Introduction to LM335

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to share my knowledge about Introduction to LM335. LM 335 is basically an Integrated Circuit (IC) for precise temperature sensor. LM-335 operates on a current range 400uA-5mA having resistance less than 1 ohm. At 10mV/K, its absolute temperature becomes directly proportional to the breakdown voltage. LM-335 operates as two terminal zener diode. At the temperature ranging from -40 degree Celsius to 100 degree Celsius, LM 335 can be used for each type of temperature sensing purposes. This device is available in different dimensions and in different sizes. LM-335 is most commonly available in the market due to its unique features including e.g. large temperature range, cost effectiveness, low dynamic resistance, initial accuracy up to 1 degree Celsius. LM-335 can be used at several different places. Its applications include Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), power supplies, battery management systems, home appliances, embedded systems etc. The further detail about LM-335 will be given later in this tutorial. [otw_is sidebar=otw-sidebar-7]

Introduction to LM335

LM335 is a low cost temperature sensor and gives highly precised results. It operates as a two terminal zener diode. It has low dynamic impedance less than 1 ohms. It has a large range for temperature i.e. -40 degree Celsius to 100 degree Celsius. At 10mV/K its breakdown voltage becomes directly proportional to its absolute temperature. large temperature ranges, initial accuracy up to 1 degree Celsius and low dynamic impedance are its major and unique features. It can be used in HVAC, home appliances, power supplies etc. LM-335 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LM335 Pins

• LM 335 has total three (3) pins made up of steel, at the bottom side of the structure.
• Its pins are listed in the table shown in the figure below.

2. LM335 Pins Description

• Each pin has carries functions.
• LM-355 pins along with its description are listed in the figure below.

3. LM335 Pinout

• Pinout diagram basically helps us to understand the pin configurations of any device.
• LM 335 pinout diagram is shown in the figure below.

4. LM335 Pins

• DIfferent packages of a device shows its different versions.
• LM 335 has three different packages, shown in the table given below.

5. LM335 Packages Dimensions

• Each packages has its own different dimension.
• LM-335 packages dimensions are listed in the figure below.

6. LM335 Symbolic Representation

• Symbolic representation shows the symbol theoretically used for a device.
• LM-335 symbolic representation is shown in the figure below.

7. LM335 Simple Temperature Sensor

• A simple temperature sensor circuit using LM 335 is presented in the figure shown below.

• There is a resistance between voltage supply and LM-335.

8. LM335 Calibrated Temperature Sensor

• A calibrated temperature sensor circuit using LM 335 is shown in the figure below.

9. LM335 Ratings

• LM 335 current, power and voltage ratings are shown in the figure below.

• Ratings of a device displays the power requirement of a device.

10. LM335 Features

• A device can be differentiated fro the other devices on the basis of its unique features.
• LM 335 major features are shown in the figure below.

11. LM335 Applications

• LM-335 has a lot of real life applications.
• Some of the major LM 335 applications are listed in the table shown below.

The tutorial Introduction to LM335 has elaborated the entire important discussion about the basic use of the temperature sensor i.e. LM-335. Almost each necessary step is included in this discussion. If something is missing, please let me know. So, that I can update the article. I will share different other IC's in my upcoming tutorials. So, til then take care :)

Introduction to UC3843

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. I am going to give you the detailed discussion about Introduction to UC3843 today. UC 843 is basically a current mode Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller having fixed frequency. It is basically designed for DC to DC converter purposes as well as off line applications and it requires minimum external components. UC-3843 has three different packages which will be explained later. UC-3843 has several different features which make it ideal and useful for a lot of real life applications. These features may include trimmed oscillator for the control of accurate duty cycle, high gain amplifier and to control power MOSFET, there is a high current totem-pole output. Moreover, some other features include temperature compensated reference and current sensing. UC 3843 can be used at several different places e.g.in switching regulators having any of the polarities as well as in transformer coupled DC to DC converters. The further detail about UC-3843 will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to UC3843

UC3843 is basically a current mode Pulse Width Modulation controller. It is specially designed for DC to DC converters and off line application purposes. This device performs its tasks with minimal requirement of external components to avoid complexity. It is most common due to its unique features including current sensing, high gain amplifiers, high current totem-pole out for the control of MOSFET. UC-3843 can be used in transformer coupled DC to DC converters etc. UC-3843 is shown in the figure given below.

1. UC3843 Pins

• UC-3843 has eight (8) input and output pins, four pins are on left side and the other four on the right side of the IC.
• UC 3843 all pins are given in the table shown in the figure below.

2. UC3843 Pins Description

• We can not use any device until we do not know about the functions of each and every pin.
• So, I have provided the function associated with each of the individual pin, in the table shown below.

3. UC3843 Pinout

• Pin configurations are very much necessary to understand in order to properly operate a device.
• UC-3843 pinout diagram is presented in the figure given below.

4. UC3843 Packages

• Packages are usually used to denote the different versions or models of the same device.
• UC-3843 has three different packages, I have provided all of its packages in the table shown in the figure below.

5. UC3843 Packages Dimensions

• The size of each model is kept different from each other in order to differentiate them easily.
• All the packages of UC 3843 along with their dimensions are given in the table shown in the figure below.

6. UC3843 Amplification Circuit

• We can perform amplification tasks by using the PWM controller named as UC 3843. The design of amplification circuit using UC-3843 is shown in the figure below.

7. UC3843 Ratings

• To know about the amount of necessary parameters e.g power, voltage and current.
• UC 3843 ratings are listed in the figure shown below.

8. UC3843 Features

• Features are one of the most important features that can make a device popular, if they are unique.
• UC 3843 main features are listed in the figure shown below.

9. UC3843 Applications

• A device, most of the time is known on the basis of its applications and they play a vital role in its market.
• UC-3843 some of the common applications are provided in the table shown in the figure below.

The Tutorial Introduction to UC3843 has basically focused on the basic use of the UC 3843 PWM controller. The parameters like pins, pins configurations, packages & their dimensions, ratings, features and application are focused. I hope that this tutorial will prove itself to be an informative article for you. If find something unclear or missing, please let me know, I will immediately update it so it could help more users. I will share further informative topics with you, in my upcoming tutorials. So, till then take care :)

Introduction to LM311

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will share the details discussion on Introduction to LM311. LM 311 is basically a voltage comparator having high speed. It can operate over wide ranges of voltage i.e. from -15V to15V, in case of operational amplifier. LM-311 can also operate on 5V for the logic systems. LM-311 output levels has the compatibility with Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) levels circuits. At 50mA and at 50V too, LM-311 can operate lamps and relays. LM 311 can operate from 0 degree Celsius to 70 degree Celsius. LM-311 has several different features. These features include fast response time, strobe capability, wide voltage supply ranges, maximum input current, operating at single 5V power supply ranges, low power consumption, large input differential voltages etc. Several different applications are associated with LM 311 IC. These applications may include peak detectors, personal computers, white goods, building automation, body control modules etc. The further detail about LM-311 will be given later in this tutorial. [otw_is sidebar=otw-sidebar-7]

Introduction to LM311

LM311 is a voltage comparator with high speed. It is able to perform tasks over a large range of voltages. Its output levels are compatible with MOS circuits. Relays and lamps can be controlled by LM 311 when it is operating at 50V and 50mA as well. LM-311 has a lot of features like low power consumption, wide operating voltages, strobe capability, maximum input response time. It can be used in building automation, personal computers, white goods, embedded systems etc. LM-311 is shown in the figure below.

1. LM311 Pins

• LM 311 has total eight pins, 4 on left side and 4 on the right side of the IC.
• These pins are provided in the table shown in the figure below.

2. LM311 Pins Description

• Each pins is assigned with the different task to be performed by the IC.
• The tasks assigned to each of the pin are listed in the table shown in the figure below.

3. LM311 Pinout

• Before using any device, we must know about its pin configurations.
• We can understand pin configurations from the pinout diagram of that particular device.
• LM-311 pinout diagram is shown in the figure given below.

4. LM311 Packages

• The different models of a device are usually know as its packages, used to differentiate the latest products as compared to the earlier.
• LM 311 has five different models which are given in the table shown in the figure given below.

5. LM311 Packages Dimensions

• Every package is assigned with different dimensions in order to differentiate them easily.
• LM-311 all packages are given in the table shown in the figure below.

6. LM311 Symbolic Representation

• Symbolic representation of any electronic device shows the internal structure of that particular device.
• LM 311 symbolic representation is shown in the figure below.

7. LM311 Schematic

• Schematic diagram helps us to understand the internal functions of an equipment.
• LM 311 schematic diagram is displayed in the figure shown below.

8. LM311 Ratings

• Power requirements of a device are necessary to estimate for its proper operation.
• LM-311 all types of ratings are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

9. LM311 Features

• A device can be considered a ideal on the basis of its amazing as well as unique feature from all other such devices.
• LM 311 features are provided in the table given in the figure shown below.

10. LM311 Applications

• On industrial scale any device is recognized from its applications, so applications play a vital role in the importance of any device.
• LM-311 major and most common applications are provided in the table shown below.

In this tutorial Introduction to LM311, I have tried my best to cover all the necessary information about the basic use of LM 311, which include its pins along with configuration, its symbolic representation, ratings, features, applications and a lot more. I hope you have enjoyed this article and will appreciate my effort to do that. It will boost me up to do better better in future. Information about many other IC's will be provided in my later tutorials. So till then take care and bye :)

Introduction to LM224

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will provide you document on detailed discussion about Introduction to LM224. LM-224 has four internal builtin operational amplifiers. These amplifiers are frequency compensated. The basic purpose to design these type of device is to operate it from a single power supply sources. Moreover, they are also able to perform different tasks using split power supplies. Magnitude of power supply and the current current drain both are independent of each other. LM-224 has a very wide range of application areas which include DC gain blocks, transducer amplifiers etc. LM 224 has a large number of amazing features include wide power supply ranges, large bandwidth, low input offset voltage, low input biasing current, common mode input voltage includes ground as well, high voltage output swing and many others. LM 224 also has a very wide range of real life applications. LCD and digital TV's, digital multi-meters, oscilloscope, weigh scales, DVD recorders, DVD players, chemical sensors, gas sensors, temperature sensors etc are the most common examples of the applications of LM-224 integrated circuit. The further detail about LM-224 will be provided later in this article.

Introduction to LM224

There are 4 internal operational amplifiers in LM224 IC. These amplifiers are internally frequency compensated. They are cable of operating using both single power supply sources as well as split power supply sources. It is the most common device due to its excellent features including low cost and high performance parameters. It features include large bandwidth, low input offset voltage and current, low input bias current etc. It can be used in LCD TV's, multi-meters, temperature sensors and a lot more. LM-224 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LM224 Pins

• LM-224 has total fourteen (14) pins, each single pin has different functionality.
• The names of all the pins are provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

2. LM224 Pins Description

• LM-224 each single pin has different functionality.
• The description of each pin is provided in the table shown in the figure given below.

3. LM224 Pinout

• We can get information about pins configurations of any device using its pinout diagram.
• LM-224 pinout diagram is shown in the figure given below.

4. LM224 Packages

• If a device has its different models, they can be denoted by its packages.
• LM-224 packages are given in the table shown below.

5. LM224 Packages Dimensions

• Each package is provided with a different dimension.
• LM-224 packages with different dimensions are given in the table below.

6. LM224 Symbolic Diagram

• If we want to view the internal structure of any device, we must look at its symbolic representation.
• LM 224 symbolic diagram is shown in the figure given below.

7. LM224 Ratings

• The current, power & voltage requirement of a device can be estimated through its ratings.
• LM-224 ratings are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

8. LM224 Features

• We can judge the performance of any device on the basis of its features.
• LM 224 basic features are provided in the table shown in the figure below.

9. LM224 Applications

• LM 224 has several different applications associated wit the real life.
• Some of the applications are listed in the table shown in the figure below.

In the tutorial Introduction to LM224 I have provided the basic information about LM 224 IC. I hope you enjoyed the tutorial. If ypu find any problem you can ask us in comments anytime. I will share other topics in my upcoming tutorials. Till then take care :)

Introduction to LF351

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will give an elaboration about Introduction to LF351. LF-351 is basically JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor). It is a very high speed input Op-amp (Operational Amplifier). This device is most common in the market due to its low cost and good performance characteristics. LF-351 provides a high gain bandwidth product even though it needs a very low current supply. LM 351 also provides higher slew rates. This device is most of the times known on the basis of its applications. LM-351 is the most popular device due to its unique features. These features include low input bias current, high gain bandwidth product, loww current supply, high input impedance, internal trimmed offset voltage, quick settling time, low harmonic distortion etc. Moreover, LM-351 can be use at different places e.g. circuits that need high input impedance, integrators with high speed, quick digital to analog converters, sample and hold circuits etc. The further detail about the operational amplifier LM-351 will be given later in this article.

Introduction to LF351

LF351 is basically JFET input operational amplifier. It is a low cost device and provides high performance characteristics. It can provide higher slew rates as well as high gain bandwidth product even by operating with a very low current supply. Moreover, it has internal compensated input off-set voltage. low current supply, high input impedance, quick settling time, low harmonic distortion are few of its main features. We can use this device while designing digital to analog converters, high speed integrators, sample & hold circuits etc. LM-351 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LF351 Pins

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• There are total eight (8) pins in an operational amplifier named as LF351.
• LF 351 pins are given in the table shown in the figure given below.

2. LF351 Pin Description

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• We can't perform anything and even can't get the desired results if we don't know about the functions of pins .
• LF-351 pins functions are shown in the table given in the figure given below.

3. LF351 Pinout

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• If we wanna know about the configurations of individual pin, we must have a look at the pinout diagram of an electronic device, usually provided along with that device.
• LF -351 pinout diagram is given in the figure shown below.

4. LF351 Symbolic Representation

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• In order to view the internal structure of a device we should have a look at its symbolic diagram.
• LF 351 symbolic form is given in the figure shown below.

 

5. LF351 Schematic Diagram

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• Schematic diagram provides us help in understanding the internal circuitry of any of the electronic device.
• LF 351 schematic diagram is given in the figure shown below.

6. LF411 Ratings

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• The ratings are very helpful while estimating the power requirement of an electronic device.
• LF 351 all ratings are shown in the table given in the figure given below.

7. LF411 Features

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• Features play a vital role in the popularity of a device.
• LF 351 some of the major features are shown in the table given in the figure below.

8. LF411 Applications

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• LF-351 has several different of real life applications, some of them are shown in the table given below.

The tutorial Introduction to LF351 provides you the detailed discussion on the very basic and starting use of an operational amplifier named as LF-351. The discussion includes the applications, features, symbolic representation and a lot more about this device. I hope you will enjoy this tutorial and will appreciate my effort. I would like to share many of the other informative topic with you guys in my upcoming tutorials. So till then take care & bye :)

Introduction to LM4040

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to give a detailed discussion on Introduction to LM4040. LM-4040 is specially designed for an accurate micro-power shunt voltage reference. These voltage references includes the standards of 2.5V, 3V % 5V respectively. LM-4040 has three different grade A, B and C grades and they have o.1%, o.5% and 1% tolerances respectively. This device is available in different packages and each package has different individual dimension which will be explained later. We can achieve an excellent performance from this device when it is operating at the current ranging from 60uA to 15mA and its temperature coefficient is 20 ppm per degree. In order to maintain good stability level the device's design is much tolerant to capacitive loads. LM-4040 has several different features e.g. low output noise, no output capacitor, good output voltage tolerance, large current operating ranges, low temperature coefficient, lead (Pb) free, halogen free, antimony free etc. It can be used at different places like battery powered systems, portable communication devices, notebook and palm-top computers, portable instrumentation, accurate power supply, data acquisition systems etc. The further detail about LM 4040 will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to LM4040

LM4040 is a device which is designed to achieve accurate micro-power shunt voltage references e.g. 2.5V, 3V and 5V. It has three different grades, each having different individual tolerances. The device is available in different packages. LM-4040 has different features e.g. low output noise, large operating current ranges, good output voltage tolerance etc. Moreover, it can be used in battery powered systems, computers, portable instrumentation and at lot more places. LM-4040 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LM4040 Pins

• This device has three pins in total, 2 input and a single output pin.
• LM-4040 pins are listed in the table shown in figure below.

2. LM4040 Pins Description

• Each of the single pin has its different individual function which is necessary to be known.
• LM-4040 pins description are given in the table shown in the figure below.

3. LM4040 Pinout

• Pinout diagram presents the pins configurations of an electronic device.
• LM-4040 pinout diagram is shown in the figure given below.

4. LM4040 Packages

• Different versions of a same device can be denoted by its packages.
• LM-4040 packages are provided in the table shown in the figure below.

5. LM4040 Packages Dimensions

• Each package has different individual dimensions in order to differentiate easily.
• LM-4040 package dimensions are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

6. LM4040 Symbolic Representation

• If we want to know about internal structure of any device, we must see its symbolic representation.
• LM-4040 symbolic representation is shown in the figure given below.

7. LM4040 Ratings

• Power requirement of a device can be seen through its rating.
• LM-4040 ratings are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

8. LM4040 Features

• Features are very important parameters which can make a device more and more popular.
• LM-4040 features are listed in the table given in the figure shown below,

9. LM4040 Applications

• Applications are the most important parameter of a device that can make it ideal for some or for a lot of purposes.
• LM-4040 applications are given in the table shown in the figure below.

• The shunt reference circuit can also be designed using LM 4040 and it is its most typical application as well.
• LM-4040 typical shunt reference designed circuit is shown in the figure given below.

• You can see that only a shunt resistance is added to LM 4040 for its shunt reference.

That's all the discussion about Introduction to LM4040. The major part of the discussion consist of the main point like LM 4040 pins, configurations, its features, applications and a lot more was also discussed in this tutorial. I hope this tutorial has proved to be an informative and exciting tutorial for you guys. If you have any sort of problem you can ask us in comments any time. Our team is always there to help you. If you found something missing in this article, please let me know, so that I can update this article immediately. I will share my tutorials on several different informative topics later. Till then take care :)

Introduction to LM293

Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to give you an elaboration on Introduction to LM293 an Integrated Circuit (IC). LM-293 is a dual independent accurate voltage comparator. LM 293 has a capability to perform its operation from a single supply source as well as from split power supply. The purpose to design LM-293 is to permit a common mode range to the ground level and it perform this operation with single power supply source. LM-293 is the most common device in the market these days due to its high performance and cost effectiveness. This device is considered to be an ideal for a lot of electronics applications. LM-293 has a lot of features which make it different from all other devices. These features include low input offset voltage, low input offset current, low input bias current, wide voltage supply ranges, power supply equal to differential input voltage ranges, lead (Pb) free and lot more. LM-293 can be used at several different places in real life. It can be used in gas sensors, chemical sensors, weigh scales, AC induction, personal computers etc. The further details about LM-293 will be given later in this tutorial.

Introduction to LM293

LM293 is basically a dual independent voltage comparator. It can perform its operations through a single power supply source as well as through split power supplies. It is a low cost device and is easily available in the market now a days. It has a lot of features including wide voltage supply ranges, low input offset current, low input bias current etc.Moreover, it can be used in chemical sensors, personal computers etc. LM-293 is shown in the figure given below.

1. LM293 Pins

• LM-293 has total eight (8) pins, each has its own feature different from the other.
• All of the pins of LM 293 are listed in the table shown in the figure below.

2. LM293 Pins Description

• Each pin has its different functions and we must know about each of the function.
• LM-293 pins functions are given in the table shown in the figure below.

3. LM293 Pinout

• Pinout diagram of an electronic device helps to understand its pins configurations for its appropriate use.
• LM-293 pinout diagram is shown in the figure given below.

4. LM293 Packages

• Packages are developed to show the different models of the same device.
• LM-293 packages are given in the table shown in the figure below.

5. LM293 Packages Dimensions

• Different dimensions are usually assigned to different packages in order to differentiate them easily.
• LM-293 packages dimensions are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

6. LM293 Schematic Diagram

• LM-293 schematic diagram is shown in the figure given below.
• It helps us to understand the internal circuit diagram of any of the electronic device.

7. LM293 Symbolic Diagram

• Symbol diagram shows the internal structure of any device.
• LM-293 symbolic representation is given in the figure shown below.

8. LM293 Ratings

• Ratings display the amount of voltage, current and power required by an electronic device.
• LM-293 ratings are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

9. LM293 Features

• Features are such parameters which can make a device popular in the market.
• LM-293 major features are listed in the table shown in the figure given below.

10. LM293 Applications

• LM-293 has several different real life applications.
• A few of the major applications are shown in the table given in the figure below.

The tutorial Introduction to LM293 has provided the detailed discussion about the basics methods of using a specific Integrated Circuit (IC) named as LM-293 IC. I have tried to provide all the necessary information about the particular IC, if you founf something missing, please let me know so that I can immediately update it. If you feel any sort of problem you can ask me anytime in comments. Our team and me are always there to help you. I will share further informative topics with you guys in my upcoming tutorials. Till then take care & bye :)