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MCP30088-channel 10-bit SPI ADC

Eight analog channels. One compact serial interface.

Manufacturer-referenced

Microchip Technology · MCP3008-I/P

PDIP-16DS20001295E · 2022

MCP3008 is a 10-bit successive-approximation ADC with eight multiplexed analog inputs. A four-wire SPI connection selects one channel, acquires its voltage and returns a straight-binary code from 0 to 1023. The inputs are sampled one at a time, not simultaneously. Each conversion can use a single-ended channel or one of four adjacent pseudo-differential pairs. VREF defines the measurement span; at 3.3 V, one ideal step is about 3.223 mV. The negative input in pseudo-differential mode must remain close to ground. The views show MCP3008-I/P in PDIP-16 and MCP3008-I/SL in narrow SOIC-16, both industrial −40 to +85°C grades. Extended-temperature SOIC ordering options exist. The 3.3 V example keeps the ADC, reference and controller at compatible logic levels.

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MCP3008-I/P black package with silver leads and readable markings.
MCP3008-I/P · PDIP-16Package illustration

Pinout

MCP3008PDIP-16Top view
Select a pin to see its functionPDIP-16 · 16 pins

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16Physical pins MCP3008-I/PPDIP-16 Manufacturer-referencedMicrochip Technology

Pin diagram

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MCP3008PDIP-16Top view

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1
PIN 1 · Channels & reference

CH0

Multiplexed analog input

Function

Channel 0; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.

How to connect

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Electrical note

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

Key specifications

An input multiplexer feeds a sample-and-hold capacitor. A ten-bit SAR and DAC resolve the voltage; the SPI port shifts the result to the controller.

Resolution10 bits · 1024 codes
Analog channels8 Multiplexed
Supply range2.7–5.5 V
Selected I-grade−40–85 °C

Operating profile

Supply, signals and operating conditions

MCP3008 operating profile
ParameterValueConditions / notes
Selected packagePDIP-16MCP3008-I/P · 16 pins
Maximum rate at 5 V200ksps · specified conditions
SPI modes0 / 3Rising-edge input sampling
Use these values with the stated grade and test conditions.

Package details

MCP3008-I/P · PDIP-16

Selected package
Selected MCP3008 physical package
PropertyDetails
ManufacturerMicrochip Technology
Part numberMCP3008-I/P
PackagePDIP-16
Connections16 pins
MountingThrough-hole
Lead pitch2.54 mm
Package codedip
Thermal referenceθJA 70°C/W, manufacturer package reference

Supply, reference and input limits

MCP3008 · selected industrial grades

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Operating supply2.7–5.5 VADC and controller logic must be compatible
Reference input0.25 V to VDDLow-impedance source; reduced reference affects linearity
Single-ended range0 to VREFMeasured relative to analog ground
Pseudo-differential IN−−100 to +100 mVRelative to ground; not a wide common-mode differential input
Pseudo-differential IN+IN− to IN− + VREFObserve pin voltage limits as well
Selected I-grade ambient−40 to +85°CMCP3008-I/P and MCP3008-I/SL
Extended SOIC option−40 to +125°CUse the corresponding E-grade ordering option

The table separates operating conditions from absolute stress limits.

Resolution and accuracy

VDD = VREF = 5 V unless stated

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Resolution10 bitsCodes 0–1023
Ideal stepVREF / 10243.22265625 mV at 3.3 V
Integral nonlinearity±1 LSB maximum±0.5 LSB typical
Differential nonlinearity±1 LSB maximumNo missing codes over specified temperature
Offset error, I grade±1.5 LSB maximum−40 to +85°C
Offset error, extended grade±1.95 LSB maximum−40 to +125°C
Gain error±1 LSB maximumManufacturer electrical conditions
SINAD61 dB typical1 kHz signal, 0.1–4.9 V input

Ideal arithmetic does not include these device errors.

Acquisition and throughput

Supply-dependent SPI timing

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Acquisition window1.5 SCLK periodsSource impedance must allow settling
Conversion10 SCLK periodsExcludes command and framing overhead
Maximum throughput at 5 V200 ksps3.6 MHz SPI clock, 18-clock framing
Maximum throughput at 3.3 V130 ksps2.34 MHz, characterized recommendation
Maximum throughput at 2.7 V75 ksps1.35 MHz SPI clock
Chip-select HIGH time270 ns minimumBetween conversions
CS LOW to first rising SCLK100 ns minimumSetup time
Input data setup / hold50 ns / 50 ns minimumAround rising SCLK edge
Effective conversion clockAt least 10 kHzFinish after acquisition within 1.2 ms at high temperature

The 24-clock byte-oriented example has extra framing overhead; it does not achieve the 18-clock maximum throughput.

Three-byte single-ended transfer

SPI mode 0 or mode 3

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Byte 1 transmitted0x01Seven leading zeros, then START
Byte 2 transmitted(0x08 | channel) << 4SGL = 1 followed by channel D2 D1 D0
Byte 3 transmitted0x00Clocks out the remaining result
Receive byte 1IgnoreDOUT not valid result data
Receive byte 2Keep bits 1:0Result bits B9 and B8; discard upper bits
Receive byte 3Keep all eight bitsB7 through B0
Assemble the result((RX1 & 0x03) << 8) | RX2RX indices are zero-based
After transferCS HIGHDOUT becomes Hi-Z; device enters standby

Pseudo-differential mode clears SGL. D2–D0 choose IN+; the other member of its adjacent pair is IN−.

Logic, loading and power

Manufacturer test conditions

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Digital HIGH / LOW input≥ 0.7 × VDD / ≤ 0.3 × VDDDo not assume 3.3 V logic reliably drives a 5 V ADC
Output HIGH≥ 4.1 VVDD = 4.5 V; source 1 mA
Output LOW≤ 0.4 VVDD = 4.5 V; sink 1 mA
Active current at 5 V425 µA typical; 550 µA maximumVREF = 5 V; DOUT unloaded
Standby current5 nA typical; 2 µA maximumCS = VDD = 5 V
Reference current100 µA typical; 150 µA maximumDuring conversion
Analog leakage±1 µA maximum0.001 µA typical
Sample capacitor20 pF typicalInternal sampling-switch resistance ≈ 1 kΩ

The detailed electrical table specifies 550 µA maximum active current; use it rather than the older 500 µA feature-summary value.

3.3 V controller circuit

Single-ended channel 0

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
VDD16 and VREF15Regulated 3.3 VCommon source; VREF must not float
AGND14 and DGND9Common groundKeep analog returns quiet
Supply bypass1 µFClose to VDD and ground
Analog signal0–3.3 V into CH0 pin1Low-impedance source; unused channels grounded in the illustration
SPI wiringCS10, DIN11, DOUT12, SCLK13Controller CS, MOSI, MISO and SCLK respectively
Example SPI clock1 MHz, mode 0Three bytes per conversion; CS HIGH between transfers

Use a compatible 3.3 V controller. Input filters and buffering depend on bandwidth and source impedance.

Absolute maximum ratings

Stress limits only

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Supply7.0 V maximumNormal operation: 2.7–5.5 V
Any input/output−0.6 to VDD + 0.6 VReferenced to ground
Storage−65 to +150°CUnpowered

Absolute maximum ratings are not valid operating targets.

Connections by function

Select a pin for its function, connection guidance and electrical notes.

Channels & reference9 pins

Ground2 pins

Serial controls3 pins

Conversion output1 pin

Supply1 pin

Read the conditions with every value

Typical values describe stated test conditions. Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits, not operating targets.

Official PDF datasheet

MCP3008 at a glance

Follow the labeled connections and functional stages

MCP3008 working principle: illustrated functional stages, basic circuit and connections
Select the diagram to read it at full resolution.

How it works

3 stages · Explore one step at a time

Step 1 / 3

Choose the input

Send a start bit, SGL/DIFF and D2–D0 while chip select is LOW. Single-ended channels use ground; pseudo-differential commands select adjacent pairs.

Step 2 / 3

Acquire and convert

The source charges the internal hold capacitor during the 1.5-clock acquisition window. Ten successive-approximation steps determine the result.

Step 3 / 3

Read the serial word

Sample DOUT on rising clock edges. Discard the null bit, keep the ten result bits and return chip select HIGH before the next conversion.

Choose a channel. Build the SPI message.

Explore 10-bit conversion and single-ended or pseudo-differential inputs.

Ideal code + command

Channel selection is part of every conversion command. Differential results remain unsigned; a negative difference clips to zero.

IDEAL DECIMAL CODE512
0x2001000000000
CONTROLLER → DIN · Pin 1101 80 00Three transmit bytes · hexadecimal
DOUT → CONTROLLER · Pin 12XX X2 00X = discard · retain 10 result bits
IDEAL STEP3.2227 mVVREF / 1024

CS pin 10 stays LOW for the transaction. Use SCLK pin 13, mode 0 or 3. Read ((RX[1] & 3) << 8) | RX[2], then raise CS. Ideal code calculator and SPI command builder. It rounds to the nearest nominal code, clamps to 0–1023 and excludes timing, acquisition error and noise. Pseudo-differential IN− is limited to ±100 mV. Read the physical device using its specified SPI timing.

MCP3008 in a circuit

A physical MCP3008 and a 3.3 V controller share a quiet supply.

MCP3008 CH0 pin1 receives a0to3.3V signal. VDD16 and reference15 use3.3V; grounds9and14 are common. Four color-coded SPI wires connect CS10 DIN11 DOUT12 SCLK13 to a3.3Vcontroller. A1µF capacitor bypasses supply.
One channel is measured per conversion. The same serial interface selects any of the eight inputs.

Connect it, step by step

Follow the component values and pin connections

Power and reference

Connect both VDD and VREF to 3.3 V, join the grounds and place the 1 µF bypass nearby.

Connect the serial bus

Use MOSI→DIN, DOUT→MISO, SCLK→SCLK and a separate chip-select line.

Select and decode

Send 01 80 00 to select single-ended CH0. Combine the ten returned data bits; raise CS between measurements.

Inside MCP3008

Eight inputs share a sample-and-hold and ten-bit SAR core.

Inside a black MCP3008, eight channels feed a multiplexer and sample capacitor; comparator, DAC and SAR form the conversion loop. SPI command logic selects the input and shifts out ten bits.
Simplified functional architecture, not a transistor-level die layout.

Explore the circuit

Select a stage to see its role and connections

Multiplex the channels

The command selects a single input or adjacent pseudo-differential pair.

Hold the analog sample

A sample capacitor stores the voltage while the SAR tests successive DAC levels.

Transfer the word

The result is shifted out MSB first; CS HIGH releases DOUT and ends the conversion.

Selected packagePDIP-16MCP3008-I/P
Physical connections16 pinsPackage-specific numbering
Reference collection8 tables49 parameters & pin functions

Pin reference

Signal names, electrical functions and connection guidance

PDIP-16
Physical pin numbers16 pins

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MCP3008 pin functions and connections
PinSignalTypeFunction & connection
CH0Multiplexed analog inputChannel 0; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH1Multiplexed analog inputChannel 1; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH2Multiplexed analog inputChannel 2; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH3Multiplexed analog inputChannel 3; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH4Multiplexed analog inputChannel 4; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH5Multiplexed analog inputChannel 5; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH6Multiplexed analog inputChannel 6; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH7Multiplexed analog inputChannel 7; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

DGNDDigital groundReturn for the SPI interface.
Connection guidance

Join to the common ground plane.

/CS/SHDNActive-LOW chip selectLOW starts a serial transaction; HIGH ends it and enters standby.
Connection guidance

Controller chip-select output with a defined HIGH idle state.

Return HIGH between conversions. A device powered up with CS LOW needs a HIGH-to-LOW sequence.

DINSerial command inputReceives the start bit, single/differential flag and channel address.
Connection guidance

Controller MOSI; data is accepted on rising SCLK edges.

DOUTSerial conversion outputReturns a null bit followed by ten conversion bits, most significant first.
Connection guidance

Controller MISO.

Data changes on falling SCLK edges. DOUT is high impedance when CS is HIGH.

SCLKSerial clockClocks command entry, acquisition and successive approximation.
Connection guidance

Controller SPI clock; use mode 0 or mode 3.

Meet the minimum effective conversion clock as well as the voltage-dependent maximum.

AGNDAnalog groundReference return for the analog conversion.
Connection guidance

Join to DGND using a quiet common ground layout.

VREFConversion referenceDefines the input span and the ideal step size VREF / 1024.
Connection guidance

A stable low-impedance reference, 0.25 V to VDD.

Reference quality and loading affect accuracy; do not leave this pin floating.

VDDSupplyPowers the converter over 2.7–5.5 V.
Connection guidance

Regulated supply with a nearby 1 µF bypass.

Match the SPI controller logic levels to this supply.

PDIP-16 · Top view · Select a pin number to open its interactive pinout.

Supply, reference and input limits

MCP3008 · selected industrial grades

Manufacturer-referenced values7 parameters

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Operating supply2.7–5.5 VADC and controller logic must be compatible
Reference input0.25 V to VDDLow-impedance source; reduced reference affects linearity
Single-ended range0 to VREFMeasured relative to analog ground
Pseudo-differential IN−−100 to +100 mVRelative to ground; not a wide common-mode differential input
Pseudo-differential IN+IN− to IN− + VREFObserve pin voltage limits as well
Selected I-grade ambient−40 to +85°CMCP3008-I/P and MCP3008-I/SL
Extended SOIC option−40 to +125°CUse the corresponding E-grade ordering option

The table separates operating conditions from absolute stress limits.

Resolution and accuracy

VDD = VREF = 5 V unless stated

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Resolution10 bitsCodes 0–1023
Ideal stepVREF / 10243.22265625 mV at 3.3 V
Integral nonlinearity±1 LSB maximum±0.5 LSB typical
Differential nonlinearity±1 LSB maximumNo missing codes over specified temperature
Offset error, I grade±1.5 LSB maximum−40 to +85°C
Offset error, extended grade±1.95 LSB maximum−40 to +125°C
Gain error±1 LSB maximumManufacturer electrical conditions
SINAD61 dB typical1 kHz signal, 0.1–4.9 V input

Ideal arithmetic does not include these device errors.

Acquisition and throughput

Supply-dependent SPI timing

Manufacturer-referenced values9 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Acquisition window1.5 SCLK periodsSource impedance must allow settling
Conversion10 SCLK periodsExcludes command and framing overhead
Maximum throughput at 5 V200 ksps3.6 MHz SPI clock, 18-clock framing
Maximum throughput at 3.3 V130 ksps2.34 MHz, characterized recommendation
Maximum throughput at 2.7 V75 ksps1.35 MHz SPI clock
Chip-select HIGH time270 ns minimumBetween conversions
CS LOW to first rising SCLK100 ns minimumSetup time
Input data setup / hold50 ns / 50 ns minimumAround rising SCLK edge
Effective conversion clockAt least 10 kHzFinish after acquisition within 1.2 ms at high temperature

The 24-clock byte-oriented example has extra framing overhead; it does not achieve the 18-clock maximum throughput.

Three-byte single-ended transfer

SPI mode 0 or mode 3

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Byte 1 transmitted0x01Seven leading zeros, then START
Byte 2 transmitted(0x08 | channel) << 4SGL = 1 followed by channel D2 D1 D0
Byte 3 transmitted0x00Clocks out the remaining result
Receive byte 1IgnoreDOUT not valid result data
Receive byte 2Keep bits 1:0Result bits B9 and B8; discard upper bits
Receive byte 3Keep all eight bitsB7 through B0
Assemble the result((RX1 & 0x03) << 8) | RX2RX indices are zero-based
After transferCS HIGHDOUT becomes Hi-Z; device enters standby

Pseudo-differential mode clears SGL. D2–D0 choose IN+; the other member of its adjacent pair is IN−.

Logic, loading and power

Manufacturer test conditions

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Digital HIGH / LOW input≥ 0.7 × VDD / ≤ 0.3 × VDDDo not assume 3.3 V logic reliably drives a 5 V ADC
Output HIGH≥ 4.1 VVDD = 4.5 V; source 1 mA
Output LOW≤ 0.4 VVDD = 4.5 V; sink 1 mA
Active current at 5 V425 µA typical; 550 µA maximumVREF = 5 V; DOUT unloaded
Standby current5 nA typical; 2 µA maximumCS = VDD = 5 V
Reference current100 µA typical; 150 µA maximumDuring conversion
Analog leakage±1 µA maximum0.001 µA typical
Sample capacitor20 pF typicalInternal sampling-switch resistance ≈ 1 kΩ

The detailed electrical table specifies 550 µA maximum active current; use it rather than the older 500 µA feature-summary value.

3.3 V controller circuit

Single-ended channel 0

Manufacturer-referenced values6 parameters

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
VDD16 and VREF15Regulated 3.3 VCommon source; VREF must not float
AGND14 and DGND9Common groundKeep analog returns quiet
Supply bypass1 µFClose to VDD and ground
Analog signal0–3.3 V into CH0 pin1Low-impedance source; unused channels grounded in the illustration
SPI wiringCS10, DIN11, DOUT12, SCLK13Controller CS, MOSI, MISO and SCLK respectively
Example SPI clock1 MHz, mode 0Three bytes per conversion; CS HIGH between transfers

Use a compatible 3.3 V controller. Input filters and buffering depend on bandwidth and source impedance.

Absolute maximum ratings

Stress limits only

Manufacturer-referenced values3 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Supply7.0 V maximumNormal operation: 2.7–5.5 V
Any input/output−0.6 to VDD + 0.6 VReferenced to ground
Storage−65 to +150°CUnpowered

Absolute maximum ratings are not valid operating targets.

Read each value with its conditions

Typical values describe the stated test conditions. Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits, not operating targets.

Microchip Technology · DS20001295E · 2022
Official PDF datasheet

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