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MCP32088-channel 12-bit SPI ADC

Eight analog inputs. Four thousand and ninety-six code levels.

Manufacturer-referenced

Microchip Technology · MCP3208-BI/P

PDIP-16DS21298E · 2008

MCP3208 is a 12-bit successive-approximation ADC with eight multiplexed analog inputs. Its SPI-compatible interface selects one channel and returns a straight-binary result from 0 to 4095. A sample-and-hold captures the selected voltage; channels are measured sequentially, not simultaneously. Single-ended inputs span ground to VREF. Four adjacent input pairs can also be used in pseudo-differential mode, with the negative input restricted to within 100 mV of ground. At a 3.3 V reference, one ideal code step is approximately 0.806 mV. The views show industrial B-grade PDIP-16 and SOIC-16 packages with ±1 LSB maximum integral nonlinearity. C-grade parts allow ±2 LSB. The example uses a compatible 3.3 V controller and a 1 MHz serial clock, with a quiet reference and local supply bypass.

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MCP3208-BI/P black PDIP-16 package with silver contacts and readable marking.
MCP3208-BI/P · PDIP-16Package illustration

Pinout

MCP3208PDIP-16Top view
Select a pin to see its functionPDIP-16 · 16 pins

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16Physical pins MCP3208-BI/PPDIP-16 Manufacturer-referencedMicrochip Technology

Pin diagram

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MCP3208PDIP-16Top view

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1
PIN 1 · Channels & reference

CH0

Multiplexed analog input

Function

Channel 0; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.

How to connect

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Electrical note

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

Key specifications

A multiplexer feeds the sample capacitor. The comparator, reference DAC and successive-approximation register resolve the input voltage before the serial port shifts out twelve bits.

Resolution12 bits · 4096 codes
Analog inputs8 Multiplexed
Supply range2.7–5.5 V
Industrial ambient−40–85 °C

Operating profile

Supply, signals and operating conditions

MCP3208 operating profile
ParameterValueConditions / notes
Selected packagePDIP-16MCP3208-BI/P
Maximum rate at 5 V100ksps · specified conditions
Selected B-grade INL±1LSB maximum
Use these values with the stated grade and test conditions.

Package details

MCP3208-BI/P · PDIP-16

Selected package
Selected MCP3208 physical package
PropertyDetails
ManufacturerMicrochip Technology
Part numberMCP3208-BI/P
PackagePDIP-16
Connections16 pins
MountingThrough-hole
Lead pitch2.54 mm
Package codePDIP-16
Thermal referenceθJA 70°C/W · manufacturer package reference

Supply, reference and channels

Industrial MCP3208-BI reference packages

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
VDD2.7–5.5 VMatch controller I/O levels to this supply
VREF0.25 V to VDDStable, low-impedance reference; low values affect linearity
Single-ended input0 to VREFRelative to AGND
Pseudo-differential IN−−100 to +100 mVNear ground, not arbitrary common-mode voltage
Pseudo-differential IN+IN− to IN− + VREFAlso observe physical pin voltage limits
Selected ambient range−40 to +85°CIndustrial I grade
ConversionsOne channel at a timeNot simultaneous sampling

Operating limits are distinct from absolute maximum stress ratings.

Resolution and device error

Manufacturer electrical conditions: VDD=VREF=5 V

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Resolution12 bits4096 codes; 0…4095
Ideal LSB at 3.3 V0.8056640625 mVVREF / 4096
B-grade INL±1 LSB maximum±0.75 LSB typical
C-grade INL±2 LSB maximum±1 LSB typical; not the selected B-grade
DNL±1 LSB maximum±0.5 LSB typical; no missing codes
Offset error±3 LSB maximum±1.25 LSB typical
Gain error±5 LSB maximum±1.25 LSB typical
SINAD72 dB typical1 kHz, 0.1–4.9 V input

The calculator excludes these errors and external reference uncertainty.

Acquisition and serial timing

Supply-dependent rate and loading

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Acquisition interval1.5 clock periodsSource must settle to twelve-bit accuracy
Conversion interval12 clocksAdditional command/framing clocks are required
Maximum rate at 5 V100 ksps2 MHz serial clock, 20-clock conversion framing
Maximum rate at 2.7 V50 ksps1 MHz serial clock
CS HIGH interval500 ns minimumBetween conversions
CS LOW to first rising clock100 ns minimumSerial setup
DIN setup / hold50 ns / 50 ns minimumAround rising clock edge
Output valid after falling clock200 ns maximumManufacturer timing test
Minimum effective clock10 kHzFinish the conversion within 1.2 ms after acquisition

Three-byte transfers add clocks and CS overhead, so a 1 MHz example remains below 41.7 k conversions per second.

Three-byte conversion command

MCP3208 mode 0 or mode 3

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
TX0, single-ended0x06 | (channel >> 2)Five leading zeros, START, SGL and D2
TX1(channel & 3) << 6D1 and D0, followed by zeros
TX20x00Clocks out the remaining result
Pseudo-differential TX00x04 | (channel >> 2)Clears SGL; adjacent channel is IN−
RX0DiscardNo result bits
RX1Keep low nibbleB11…B8; discard upper four bits
RX2Keep all eight bitsB7…B0
Result((RX1 & 0x0F) << 8) | RX2RX indices are zero-based
CH0 example06 00 00 → XX X8 00Ideal half-scale result 2048

Raise CS between transfers. DOUT becomes high impedance while CS is HIGH.

Logic and current requirements

Use specified test conditions

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Digital input HIGH / LOW≥0.7×VDD / ≤0.3×VDDDo not assume 3.3 V HIGH is valid at a 5 V ADC
Active supply current at 5 V320 µA typical; 400 µA maximumVDD=VREF=5 V, DOUT unloaded
Active current at 2.7 V225 µA typicalVDD=VREF=2.7 V
Standby current0.5 µA typical; 2 µA maximumCS=VDD=5 V
Reference current while converting100 µA typical; 150 µA maximumReference must handle dynamic load
Analog leakage±1 µA maximum0.001 µA typical
Sampling capacitor / switch20 pF / 1 kΩ typicalSource resistance adds acquisition error
Package thermal referenceθJA 70°C/W · manufacturer package referenceBoard construction changes actual thermal performance

Use low-impedance analog sources and separate quiet analog returns from clock current paths.

A 3.3 V channel-zero example

Color-coded SPI circuit and ideal readings

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
VDD16 and VREF15Regulated 3.3 VBoth connected, reference not floating
GroundsAGND14 and DGND9Common ground, quiet layout
Supply bypass1 µF close to VDDManufacturer application guidance
Signal input1.650 V on CH0 pin1Low-impedance source; unused inputs grounded in example
Serial connectionCS10, DIN11, DOUT12, CLK13CS, MOSI, MISO and SCLK
Serial clock1 MHz, mode 024 clocks per example transfer, plus CS HIGH interval
Ideal output2048 · 0x800Nominal half scale
Decode voltagecode × VREF / 4096A nominal reconstruction, not sub-LSB accuracy

The sample is analog; fast or high-impedance sensors may require buffering and filtering.

Connections by function

Select a pin for its function, connection guidance and electrical notes.

Channels & reference9 pins

Ground2 pins

Serial controls3 pins

Conversion output1 pin

Supply1 pin

Read the conditions with every value

Typical values describe stated test conditions. Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits, not operating targets.

Official PDF datasheet

MCP3208 at a glance

Follow the labeled connections and functional stages

MCP3208 working principle: illustrated functional stages, basic circuit and connections
Select the diagram to read it at full resolution.

How it works

3 stages · Explore one step at a time

Step 1 / 3

Send the input selection

CS LOW starts the transaction. Send START, SGL/DIFF and channel bits D2–D0.

Step 2 / 3

Acquire and approximate

The source charges the sample capacitor over 1.5 clocks. Twelve successive approximation steps resolve the held voltage.

Step 3 / 3

Read the twelve-bit result

Discard the null/framing bits, combine the last four bits of RX1 with RX2, then raise CS.

Choose a channel. Build the SPI message.

Explore 12-bit conversion and single-ended or pseudo-differential inputs.

Ideal code + command

Channel selection is part of every conversion command. Differential results remain unsigned; a negative difference clips to zero.

IDEAL DECIMAL CODE2048
0x800100000000000
CONTROLLER → DIN · Pin 1106 00 00Three transmit bytes · hexadecimal
DOUT → CONTROLLER · Pin 12XX X8 00X = discard · retain 12 result bits
IDEAL STEP0.8057 mVVREF / 4096

CS pin 10 stays LOW for the transaction. Use SCLK pin 13, mode 0 or 3. Read ((RX[1] & 15) << 8) | RX[2], then raise CS. Ideal MCP3208 code and SPI framing explorer. Rounds to the nearest nominal code and clamps to 0–4095; excludes noise, acquisition delay and offset/gain error. IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

MCP3208 in a circuit

A physical MCP3208 and a 3.3 V controller share a quiet supply.

MCP3208 CH0 pin1 receives a0to3.3V signal. VDD16 and reference15 use3.3V; grounds9and14 are common. Four color-coded SPI wires connect CS10 DIN11 DOUT12 SCLK13 to a3.3Vcontroller. A1µF capacitor bypasses supply.
One channel is measured per conversion. The same serial interface selects any of the eight inputs.

Connect it, step by step

Follow the component values and pin connections

Power and reference

Connect both VDD and VREF to 3.3 V, join the grounds and place the 1 µF bypass nearby.

Connect the serial bus

Use MOSI→DIN, DOUT→MISO, SCLK→SCLK and a separate chip-select line.

Select and decode

Send 06 00 00 to select single-ended CH0. Combine the twelve returned data bits; raise CS between measurements.

Inside MCP3208

Eight inputs share a sample-and-hold and twelve-bit SAR core.

Inside a black MCP3208, eight channels feed a multiplexer and sample capacitor; comparator, DAC and SAR form the conversion loop. SPI command logic selects the input and shifts out twelve bits.
Simplified functional architecture, not a transistor-level die layout.

Explore the circuit

Select a stage to see its role and connections

Multiplex the channels

The command selects a single input or adjacent pseudo-differential pair.

Hold the analog sample

A sample capacitor stores the voltage while the SAR tests successive DAC levels.

Transfer the word

The result is shifted out MSB first; CS HIGH releases DOUT and ends the conversion.

Selected packagePDIP-16MCP3208-BI/P
Physical connections16 pinsPackage-specific numbering
Reference collection7 tables49 parameters & pin functions

Pin reference

Signal names, electrical functions and connection guidance

PDIP-16
Physical pin numbers16 pins

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MCP3208 pin functions and connections
PinSignalTypeFunction & connection
CH0Multiplexed analog inputChannel 0; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH1Multiplexed analog inputChannel 1; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH2Multiplexed analog inputChannel 2; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH3Multiplexed analog inputChannel 3; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH4Multiplexed analog inputChannel 4; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH5Multiplexed analog inputChannel 5; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH6Multiplexed analog inputChannel 6; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

CH7Multiplexed analog inputChannel 7; selected by the three channel bits in the SPI command.
Connection guidance

Connect a low-impedance signal within the selected reference range.

Single-ended: 0 to VREF. Pseudo-differential pairs are adjacent channels; IN− must stay within ±100 mV of ground.

DGNDDigital groundReturn for the SPI interface.
Connection guidance

Join to the common ground plane.

/CS/SHDNActive-LOW chip selectLOW starts a serial transaction; HIGH ends it and enters standby.
Connection guidance

Controller chip-select output with a defined HIGH idle state.

Return HIGH between conversions. A device powered up with CS LOW needs a HIGH-to-LOW sequence.

DINSerial command inputReceives the start bit, single/differential flag and channel address.
Connection guidance

Controller MOSI; data is accepted on rising SCLK edges.

DOUTSerial conversion outputReturns a null bit followed by twelve conversion bits, most significant first.
Connection guidance

Controller MISO.

Data changes on falling SCLK edges. DOUT is high impedance when CS is HIGH.

SCLKSerial clockClocks command entry, acquisition and successive approximation.
Connection guidance

Controller SPI clock; use mode 0 or mode 3.

Meet the minimum effective conversion clock as well as the voltage-dependent maximum.

AGNDAnalog groundReference return for the analog conversion.
Connection guidance

Join to DGND using a quiet common ground layout.

VREFConversion referenceDefines the input span and the ideal step size VREF / 4096.
Connection guidance

A stable low-impedance reference, 0.25 V to VDD.

Reference quality and loading affect accuracy; do not leave this pin floating.

VDDSupplyPowers the converter over 2.7–5.5 V.
Connection guidance

Regulated supply with a nearby 1 µF bypass.

Match the SPI controller logic levels to this supply.

PDIP-16 · Top view · Select a pin number to open its interactive pinout.

Supply, reference and channels

Industrial MCP3208-BI reference packages

Manufacturer-referenced values7 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
VDD2.7–5.5 VMatch controller I/O levels to this supply
VREF0.25 V to VDDStable, low-impedance reference; low values affect linearity
Single-ended input0 to VREFRelative to AGND
Pseudo-differential IN−−100 to +100 mVNear ground, not arbitrary common-mode voltage
Pseudo-differential IN+IN− to IN− + VREFAlso observe physical pin voltage limits
Selected ambient range−40 to +85°CIndustrial I grade
ConversionsOne channel at a timeNot simultaneous sampling

Operating limits are distinct from absolute maximum stress ratings.

Resolution and device error

Manufacturer electrical conditions: VDD=VREF=5 V

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Resolution12 bits4096 codes; 0…4095
Ideal LSB at 3.3 V0.8056640625 mVVREF / 4096
B-grade INL±1 LSB maximum±0.75 LSB typical
C-grade INL±2 LSB maximum±1 LSB typical; not the selected B-grade
DNL±1 LSB maximum±0.5 LSB typical; no missing codes
Offset error±3 LSB maximum±1.25 LSB typical
Gain error±5 LSB maximum±1.25 LSB typical
SINAD72 dB typical1 kHz, 0.1–4.9 V input

The calculator excludes these errors and external reference uncertainty.

Acquisition and serial timing

Supply-dependent rate and loading

Manufacturer-referenced values9 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Acquisition interval1.5 clock periodsSource must settle to twelve-bit accuracy
Conversion interval12 clocksAdditional command/framing clocks are required
Maximum rate at 5 V100 ksps2 MHz serial clock, 20-clock conversion framing
Maximum rate at 2.7 V50 ksps1 MHz serial clock
CS HIGH interval500 ns minimumBetween conversions
CS LOW to first rising clock100 ns minimumSerial setup
DIN setup / hold50 ns / 50 ns minimumAround rising clock edge
Output valid after falling clock200 ns maximumManufacturer timing test
Minimum effective clock10 kHzFinish the conversion within 1.2 ms after acquisition

Three-byte transfers add clocks and CS overhead, so a 1 MHz example remains below 41.7 k conversions per second.

Three-byte conversion command

MCP3208 mode 0 or mode 3

Manufacturer-referenced values9 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
TX0, single-ended0x06 | (channel >> 2)Five leading zeros, START, SGL and D2
TX1(channel & 3) << 6D1 and D0, followed by zeros
TX20x00Clocks out the remaining result
Pseudo-differential TX00x04 | (channel >> 2)Clears SGL; adjacent channel is IN−
RX0DiscardNo result bits
RX1Keep low nibbleB11…B8; discard upper four bits
RX2Keep all eight bitsB7…B0
Result((RX1 & 0x0F) << 8) | RX2RX indices are zero-based
CH0 example06 00 00 → XX X8 00Ideal half-scale result 2048

Raise CS between transfers. DOUT becomes high impedance while CS is HIGH.

Logic and current requirements

Use specified test conditions

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Digital input HIGH / LOW≥0.7×VDD / ≤0.3×VDDDo not assume 3.3 V HIGH is valid at a 5 V ADC
Active supply current at 5 V320 µA typical; 400 µA maximumVDD=VREF=5 V, DOUT unloaded
Active current at 2.7 V225 µA typicalVDD=VREF=2.7 V
Standby current0.5 µA typical; 2 µA maximumCS=VDD=5 V
Reference current while converting100 µA typical; 150 µA maximumReference must handle dynamic load
Analog leakage±1 µA maximum0.001 µA typical
Sampling capacitor / switch20 pF / 1 kΩ typicalSource resistance adds acquisition error
Package thermal referenceθJA 70°C/W · manufacturer package referenceBoard construction changes actual thermal performance

Use low-impedance analog sources and separate quiet analog returns from clock current paths.

A 3.3 V channel-zero example

Color-coded SPI circuit and ideal readings

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
VDD16 and VREF15Regulated 3.3 VBoth connected, reference not floating
GroundsAGND14 and DGND9Common ground, quiet layout
Supply bypass1 µF close to VDDManufacturer application guidance
Signal input1.650 V on CH0 pin1Low-impedance source; unused inputs grounded in example
Serial connectionCS10, DIN11, DOUT12, CLK13CS, MOSI, MISO and SCLK
Serial clock1 MHz, mode 024 clocks per example transfer, plus CS HIGH interval
Ideal output2048 · 0x800Nominal half scale
Decode voltagecode × VREF / 4096A nominal reconstruction, not sub-LSB accuracy

The sample is analog; fast or high-impedance sensors may require buffering and filtering.

Read each value with its conditions

Typical values describe the stated test conditions. Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits, not operating targets.

Microchip Technology · DS21298E · 2008
Official PDF datasheet

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