BETAMain supply2.6–3.5 V · nominal 2.8 V
940 nm time-of-flight ranging sensor
VL53L0X Specifications
Review VL53L0X electrical specifications, operating conditions and package details.
Key specifications
Infrared pulses illuminate the target. The receiver and timing engine estimate flight time; signal processing produces a distance and status for the host.
Emitter wavelength940 nm · infrared
I²C bus400 kHz maximum
Operating ambient−20–70 °C
Package details
VL53L0X · Optical LGA-12
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | STMicroelectronics |
| Part number | VL53L0X |
| Package | Optical LGA-12 |
| Connections | 12 pins |
| Mounting | SMD |
| Lead pitch | 0.80 mm |
| Package code | LGA-12 |
| Thermal reference | −20°C to +70°C |
Electrical conditions
Bare sensor, not a regulated breakout module
Manufacturer specifications 8 parameters
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| Parameter | Value | Conditions / notes |
|---|---|---|
| AVDD and AVDDVCSEL | 2.6–3.5 V | Connect to the same rail; nominal 2.8 V |
| Standard I/O mode | 1.6–1.9 V | 1.8 V nominal; API default mode |
| 2V8 I/O mode | 2.6–3.5 V | HIGH levels equal AVDD; configure via API |
| Ambient temperature | −20 to +70°C | Normal operating range |
| Active ranging current | 19 mA typical | 23°C / 2.8 V, default API, 33 ms budget |
| Peak current | Up to 40 mA | Including VCSEL |
| Hardware standby | 5 µA typical / 7 µA maximum | At stated nominal temperature and voltage |
| Absolute voltage limit | −0.5 to 3.6 V | AVDD and digital I/O; stress limit, not operating range |
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Provide supply capacity for peak current and place the bypass capacitors close to the emitter supply pins.
Ranging profiles
Typical examples from manufacturer Table 13
Manufacturer specifications 6 parameters
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| Parameter | Value | Conditions / notes |
|---|---|---|
| Default | 30 ms | 1.2 m; accuracy depends on Table 12 test conditions |
| High accuracy | 200 ms | 1.2 m, better than ±3% under specified conditions |
| Long range | 33 ms | 2 m only in dark conditions without ambient IR |
| High speed | 20 ms | 1.2 m, ±5% under specified conditions |
| Interpretation | Budget is not a guaranteed sample period | Include host transfers and housekeeping |
| Validity | Check range status | Do not accept a numeric distance from a failed sample |
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Target reflectance, ambient light, cover glass and calibration affect performance.
I²C and control
Address notation and board connections
Manufacturer specifications 7 parameters
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| Parameter | Value | Conditions / notes |
|---|---|---|
| Default address | 0x29 seven-bit | Datasheet 0x52 write / 0x53 read include the direction bit |
| Maximum SCL | 400 kHz | Use pull-ups for the selected I/O level |
| SDA / SCL pull-ups | 1.5–2 kΩ example | ST recommendation at AVDD=2.8 V and 400 kHz |
| XSHUT / GPIO1 pull-ups | 10 kΩ example | GPIO1 may be open when unused; XSHUT must be driven |
| Multiple sensors | Use separate XSHUT control lines | Enable one at a time and assign distinct addresses after each reset |
| Initialization | ST API required | This is not a simple analog distance-voltage output |
| DNC pin 8 | Leave floating | Do not use as ground or supply |
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The illustrated host uses 2.8 V-compatible I/O and enables the sensor’s 2V8 mode.
Optics and calibration
Keep the optical path clear
Manufacturer specifications 7 parameters
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| Parameter | Value | Conditions / notes |
|---|---|---|
| Emitter | 940 nm VCSEL | Invisible infrared source |
| Receiver | SPAD array | Single-photon avalanche-diode technology |
| Package height | 1.0 mm nominal | 4.4 × 2.4 mm outline |
| Cover glass | Offset and crosstalk calibration | Follow ST optical-window and exclusion-cone guidance |
| Reference calibration | Follow API sequence | Required for the target design |
| Distance equation | d = c × t / 2 | Conceptual round-trip relation; internal algorithms handle timing |
| 500 mm illustration | About 3.34 ns round trip | Physics illustration, not an accessible host timer reading |
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Do not obscure either optical aperture with labels, paint or board hardware.
2.8 V ranging circuit
Bare-sensor application connections
Manufacturer specifications 7 parameters
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| Parameter | Value | Conditions / notes |
|---|---|---|
| Supply | Pins 1 and 11 to 2.8 V | 100 nF and 4.7 µF close to emitter supply / return |
| Ground | Pins 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 | Connect to a common ground plane |
| Bus | SDA9 and SCL10 | 1.8 kΩ pull-ups to 2.8 V in this example |
| Shutdown | XSHUT5 with 10 kΩ pull-up | Host can pull LOW for hardware standby |
| Interrupt | GPIO1 pin 7 with 10 kΩ pull-up | Optional host input |
| Reserved | DNC8 floating | No connection |
| Mode | 2V8 API configuration | Use matching host logic levels |
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No 5 V tolerance or onboard regulator is assumed.
Connections by function
Select a pin for its function, connection guidance and electrical notes.