The Engineering Projects

Kelvin to Rankine Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRktlbHZpbnRvUmFua2luZUNvbnZlcnRlciUyRktlbHZpbnRvUmFua2luZUNvbnZlcnRlci5waHAlMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZpZnJhbWUlM0U=[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="70"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Hope you are doing well. You can use the above calculator for temperature conversion from Kelvin to Rankine scale. It is commonly known as the Kelvin to Rankine Converter. Just put the values in Kelvin Scale that will instantly convert it to Rankine Scale in one click.

Kelvin to Rankine Converter

The temperature scales give you the flexibility to convert any value from one scale to another without wrestling your mind for converting them manually. ºR = K x 9/5 In words we can define, temperature value in the Rankine scale is equal to the temperature in Kelvin times 9/5.

Example

Convert 70 K temperature into Rankine. As we know the given formula is ºR = K x 9/5 as K = 70, ºR = 70 x 9/5= 126 The temperature value of 70 in the Kelvin scale will be equal to 126 on the Rankine scale.

Table for Common Values

Following table shows the common values for Kelvin to Rankine Converter mainly used in studies.

Kelvin Temperature

Kelvin is a thermodynamic temperature scale, based on Absolute Zero that is defined as the temperature at which all thermal motion seize to flow. It is denoted by K without degree sign, unlike the other three scales i.e. Fahrenheit, Celsius and Rankine that are mainly written with a degree sign. The Kelvin scale is named after physicist Baron Kelvin who indicated the need of “absolute thermodynamic scale.

• Initially, Kelvin scale was written with degree sign where people confused it with a Rankine scale. The degree sign was removed in order to outline the categoric different between both Rankine and Kelvin scale.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature can be described as an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine who proposed it in 1859. Rankine scale is denoted by R and is mainly used in heat computations in the engineering systems widely use this scale for the temperature measurements. The zero in the Rankine scale shows Absolute Zero which is also equal to the zero in Kelvin scale. Although both scales share a common value at Absolute Zero, they don't increment with regular intervals afterward, terming different values for boiling and freezing point of water where water freezes at 273.15 K or 491.67 ºR and boils at 373.15 K or 671.64 ºR. The difference of one degree in Fahrenheit scale is equal to the difference of temperature in the Rankine scale. Once both scales are reserved for a certain value in the start i.e. 0 R = -459.67 F, they increment with regular intervals of one degree. This is enough for today. I hope you have found this post informative and useful with a necessary tool for converting the Kelvin scale to Rankine scale. If you are unsure or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I’ll try and guide you according to the best of my expertise. You are most welcome to feed us with your valuable feedback and suggestions, they help us provide you quality work so you keep coming back for what we have to offer. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Rankine to Kelvin Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="100"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRlJhbmtpbmV0b0tlbHZpbkNvbnZlcnRlciUyRlJhbmtpbmV0b0tlbHZpbkNvbnZlcnRlci5waHAlMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZpZnJhbWUlM0U=[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hi Friends! Hope you are doing well. The calculator above is a manifestation of Rankine to Kelvin Converter. Simply, put any value of temperature in Rankine scale on the space given above, that will swiftly convert it to Kelvin scale in one go. No hassle or fluff is involved. Converting these scales is now just one click away.

Rankine to Kelvin Converter

Rankine and Kelvin's scales need to be converted every now and then based on the technical needs of the research project. Converting one scale to another doesn't write off any temperature scale but helps you foresee the temperature with more than one options.

Formula Used

If you aim to convert any temperature value from one scale to another, you must know the formula converting that values. Following formula is used to convert Rankine scale to Kelvin scale.

K = ºR x 5/9

The Kelvin temperature is equal to the temperature in Rankine times 5/9.

Example

Convert 50 R temperature into Kelvin. As we know the given formula is

K = ºR x 5/9

as ºR = 50,

K = 50 x 5/9 = 27.7

Table for Common Values

Following table shows the common values used in Rankine to Kelvin Converter.

Rankine Temperature

Rankine temperature is defined as the absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature. It is denoted by ºR and is named after William John Macquorn Rankine who introduced it in 1859. Heat computations in the engineering systems widely use this scale for the temperature measurements. Both Rankine and Kelvin scale share a common value at Absolute zero i.e. 0 K or 0 R. However, these don't increment with the regular intervals until freezing and boiling points of water as water freezes at 273.15 K or 491.67 ºR and boils at 373.15 K or 671.64 ºR. It is important to note that Fahrenheit and Rankine's scale don't share a common point and 0 ºR is equal to -459.67 ºF. Nevertheless, once these values are reserved for these scales, both increment with one degree on the scale i.e. 1 ºR will be equal to -458.67 ºF.

Kelvin Temperature

Kelvin is also a thermodynamic temperature scale that is mainly based on Absolute Zero – the temperature at which all thermal motion seize to flow. It is denoted by K and is not written in terms of degree sign, unlike the other three scales that are widely written with a degree sign.

• The Kelvin scale is named after physicist Baron Kelvin who mainly proposed the need of “absolute thermodynamic scale.

The Kelvin scale was written with degree sign before 1968, that made people skeptical where there termed it as a Rankine scale. The degree sign was removed in order to layout the candid different between both Rankine and Kelvin scale. That's all for today. I hope you have found this post informative. If you are unsure or have any question, you can drop me a comment below. I'll try best to help you in any way I can according to the best of my expertise. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestions, they help us provide you quality work as per your needs and demands so you keep coming back for what we have to offer. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Kelvin to Celsius Converter

[vc_row][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="100"][vc_raw_js]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[/vc_raw_js][/vc_column][vc_column width="2/3"][vc_raw_html]JTNDaWZyYW1lJTIwc3R5bGUlM0QlMjJoZWlnaHQlM0ElMjA3NDBweCUzQiUyMHdpZHRoJTNBJTIwMTAwJTI1JTNCJTIwYm9yZGVyJTNBJTIwbm9uZSUzQiUyMiUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnRoZWVuZ2luZWVyaW5ncHJvamVjdHMuY29tJTJGRW5naW5lZXJpbmdUb29scyUyRktlbHZpbnRvQ2Vsc2l1c0NvbnZlcnRlciUyRktlbHZpbnRvQ2Vsc2l1c0NvbnZlcnRlci5waHAlMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZpZnJhbWUlM0U=[/vc_raw_html][/vc_column][vc_column width="1/6"][ultimate_spacer height="50"][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hey Guys! Welcome you onboard. The above calculator is an instant Kelvin to Celsius Converter. You can put any value in Kelvin scale and get Celsius value in return in a single click.

Kelvin to Celsius Converter

Celsius and Kelvin's scales are mostly used in the manifestation of temperature intervals and temperature magnitudes. Converting values from one scale to another doesn't belittle any scale but help you anticipate temperature values using more than one options. These scales don't share common starting point and require some offset to added at the start to make them equal. If you intend to convert any value from one scale to another, you must know the formula behind doing that calculation that help understand the conversion rate.

Formula Used

Following formula is used for Kelvin to Celsius conversion.

K = ºC +273.15

ºC= K - 273.15

The C  represents Celsius and K represents Kelvin.

Example:

What is the value of 70 K in Celsius? Put the values in the given formula

ºC = K - 273.15

As given value K = 70,

C = 70 - 273.15 = - 203.15

Table for Common Values

Following table shows some common values used for Kelvin to Celsius conversion.

Kelvin Temperature

Kelvin is a thermodynamic temperature scale, denoted by K and is based on Absolute Zero which is known as the temperature at which all thermal motions seize to flow. It is important to note that, the Kelvin scale is not written in terms of degree, unlike Fahrenheit and Celsius that are written with a degree sign. The Kelvin scale shows the absolute value while the other two temperature scales come up with arbitrary values. In the start, the Kelvin scale was written with degree sign, which was later omitted in order to create the candid difference between Rankine and Kelvin scale, as some people perceived K with degree sign as a Rankine temperature.

Celsius Temperature

The Celsius is an SI unit of temperature that is defined in terms of Kelvin, terming -273.15 Celsius equal to the 0 K – commonly known as the Absolute zero.

• Until 1954, the Celsius was defined as per the freezing and boiling point of water where it freezes at 0 ºC and boils at 100 ºC.

The Celsius scale was named after Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius. Before naming this scale as Celsius in 1948, it was written as centigrade - A Latin word comes up with two parts where centum means 100 and gradus means steps.

• Most of the content related to science and technology is produced using both temperature scales where temperature intervals are expressed in Celsius and an Absolute temperature are described in Kelvin.

That's all for today. I hope you have found this read informative as per your technical needs and demands. If you are feeling skeptical or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I'd love to help you in any way I can, according to the best of my knowledge. Feel free to feed us with your valuable suggestions, so we keep producing quality content and you keep visiting this site every now and then. Thanks for reading the article. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Introduction to HC-SR04 (Ultrasonic Sensor)

Hi Friends! I hope you are doing well. Welcome you onboard. Today, I'll discuss the basic Introduction to HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor. It is an ultrasonic sensor, also known as an ultrasonic transducer that is based on a transmitter and receiver and mainly used to determine the distance from the target object. The amount of time it takes to send and receive waves will determine how far the object is placed from the sensor. It mainly depends on the sound waves working on “non-contact” technology. The required distance of the target object is measured without any damage, giving you accurate and precise details. This sensor comes with a range between 2cm to 400cm and is used in a wide range of applications including speed and direction measurement, wireless charging, humidifiers, medical ultrasonography, sonar, burglar alarms, and non-destructive testing. In this post, I'll try to cover basic details related to HC-SR04, so you get an idea what is this about and how it can be used in the major applications as per your needs and requirements. Let's jump right in and get down to the details on this ultrasonic sensor.

Introduction to HC-SR04 ( Ultrasonic Sensor )

• HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic sensor mainly used to determine the distance of the target object.
• It measures accurate distance using a non-contact technology - A technology that involves no physical contact between sensor and object.
• Transmitter and receiver are two main parts of the sensor where former converts an electrical signal to ultrasonic waves while later converts that ultrasonic signals back to electrical signals.
• You can download HCSR04 Datasheet by clicking below button:

Download HC-SR04 Datasheet

• These ultrasonic waves are nothing but sound signals that can be measured and displayed at the receiving end.
• Following table shows the main features of this ultrasonic sensor.

 

Parameter	Value
Main Parts	Transmitter & Receiver
Technology Used	Non-Contact Technology
Operating Voltage	5 V
Operating Frequency	4 MHz
Detection Range	2cm to 400cm
Measuring Angle	30º
Resolution	3mm
Operating Current	<15mA
Sensor Dimensions	45mm x 20mm x 15mm

 

• It gives precise measurement details and comes with accuracy (resolution) around 3mm, terming there might be a slight difference in the calculated distance from the object and the actual distance.

HC-SR04 Pinout & Description

• HC-SR04 contain 4 pins in total.
• Following table shows the HC-SR04 Pinout  & Description:

 

No.	Pin Name	Pin Description
1	VCC	The power supply pin of the sensor that mainly operates at 5V DC.
2	Trig Pin	It plays a vital role to initialize measurement for sending ultrasonic waves. It should be kept high for 10us for triggering the measurement.
3	Echo Pin	This pin remains high for short period based on the time taken by the ultrasonic waves to bounce back to the receiving end.
4	Ground	This pin is connected to ground.

 

• I have labelled these HC-SR04 Pinout in below figure for better visualization:

How does it work?

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is an ultrasonic transducer that comes with 4 pin interface named as Vcc, Trigger, Echo, and Ground. It is very useful for accurate distance measurement of the target object and mainly works on the sound waves. As we connect the module to 5V and initialize the input pin, it starts transmitting the sound waves which then travel through the air and hit the required object. These waves hit and bounce back from the object and then collected by the receiver of the module. Distance is directly proportional to the time these waves require to come back at the receiving end. The more the time taken, more the distance will be. The waves will be generating if the Trig pin is kept High for 10 µs. These waves will travel at the speed of sound, creating 8 cycle sonic burst that will be collected in the Echo pin. The echo pin remains turned on for the time these waves take to travel and bounce back to the receiving end. This sensor is mainly incorporated with Arduino to measure the required distance. Following formula is used to calculate the distance of the object.

S = (V x t)/2

Where S is the required distance, V is the speed of sound and t is the time sound waves take to come back after hitting the object. We need to divide the value by 2 because time will be double as the waves travel and bounce back from the initial point. Dividing it by 2 will give the actual distance of the target object.

Using HC-SR04 with Arduino Module

In order to get the precise distance measurement, HC-SR04 is mostly used in combination with different Arduino Modules like Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega. You can connect Arduino with this sensor in the following way.

• First, you need to power up the sensor using 5V DC regulated input to the sensor. Connect the ground pin with the ground of the voltage source. You can also power the sensor module using the Arduino 5V pins as the current drawn by the sensor is less than 15mA, won't be affecting the current ratings of the Arduino Module.

After setting up the initial arrangement, connect both Trig and Echo pins to the I/O pins of the Arduino Board. As mentioned earlier, in order to initialize the measurement process, the Trig pin must be kept high for 10us in the start. The sensor module will start generating sound waves with the frequency around 40,000 Hz per second from the transmitter.

• As the waves bounce back, consequently, the Echo pin will turn on until the sounds waves are received by the receiver. This time will be calculated using Arduino Module.

This tutorial that will help you How to Interface Ultrasonic Sensor with Arduino Module You can also Interface Multiple Ultrasonic Sensors with Arduino Module

Applications

HC-SR04 comes with a wide range of applications mainly targeting distance and direction measurements. Following are the major applications it can be used for.

• Speed and direction measurement
• Wireless charging
• Humidifiers
• Medical ultrasonography
• Burglar alarms
• Embedded system
• Depth measurement
• Non-destructive testing

That's all for today. I hope I have given you everything you needed to know about this sensor. If you are unsure or have any question, you can approach me in the comment section below. I'd love to help you the best way I can. Feel free to keep us updated with your valuable feedback and suggestion, they help us stay above the curve and give you quality content as per your demands. Thanks for reading the article.