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MAX7219Eight-digit serial LED driver

Three control wires. Eight digits. A display that refreshes itself.

Manufacturer-referenced

Analog Devices · MAX7219ENG+

PDIP-2419-4452 · Rev. 6 · August 2021

MAX7219 combines an eight-digit LED driver, display memory and a serial interface in one 24-pin IC. It can control eight common-cathode seven-segment digits or 64 individual LEDs, refreshing the display while the host performs other work. A 16-bit command selects a digit or control register. Code-B decoding handles numbers and a small set of characters; raw segment mode gives direct control of each LED. RSET establishes peak current, while a separate intensity register adjusts PWM brightness. This page uses the industrial-temperature MAX7219ENG+ and MAX7219EWG+ packages with the same pin numbering. The example uses a 5 V host, eight red digits, both ground returns and local bypass capacitors. The MAX7219 clocks data regardless of LOAD, so it must not be treated as a MAX7221 with a clock-gating chip select.

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MAX7219ENG+ black PDIP-24 package with silver contacts and readable marking.
MAX7219ENG+ · PDIP-24Package illustration

Pinout

MAX7219PDIP-24Top view
Select a pin to see its functionPDIP-24 · 24 pins

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24Physical pins MAX7219ENG+PDIP-24 Manufacturer-referencedAnalog Devices

Pin diagram

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Package map
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MAX7219PDIP-24Top view

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1
PIN 1 · Serial controls

DIN

Input

Function

Accepts serial data on each rising CLK edge.

How to connect

Connect to a 5 V host MOSI output.

Electrical note

A guaranteed HIGH requires at least 3.5 V; use level translation with a 3.3 V host.

Key specifications

Eight display bytes remain in internal RAM. A scan engine selects one digit at a time, and the segment drivers supply the requested anodes. Brightness combines the RSET current setting with intensity PWM.

Display capacity8 digits / 64 LEDs
Operating supply4.0–5.5 V
Serial clock10 MHz maximum
PWM levels16 intensity settings

Operating profile

Supply, signals and operating conditions

MAX7219 operating profile
ParameterValueConditions / notes
Physical packagePDIP-2424 leads · same pin map
Selected E-grade range−40 to +85°CThermal loading can reduce usable ambient range
Display topologyCommon cathodeSegment sources + digit sinks
Use these values with the stated grade and test conditions.

Package details

MAX7219ENG+ · PDIP-24

Selected package
Selected MAX7219 physical package
PropertyDetails
ManufacturerAnalog Devices
Part numberMAX7219ENG+
PackagePDIP-24
Connections24 pins
MountingThrough-hole
Lead pitch2.54 mm
Package codePDIP-24
Thermal referenceSee operating and package limits

Supply and logic levels

Recommended operating conditions

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
V+ operating range4.0–5.5 VExample uses regulated 5 V
Input HIGH / LOW≥3.5 V / ≤0.8 VDIN, CLK and LOAD; 3.3 V is not a guaranteed HIGH
Shutdown current150 µA typical25°C, logic inputs at a supply rail
Display refresh800 Hz typical at eight digits500–1300 Hz specified scan range
Selected E temperature grade−40 to +85°CC grade is 0–70°C
Bypass capacitors100 nF ceramic + 10 µF bulkClose to V+19 and ground
Ground contactsPins 4 and 9Connect both; carry multiplexed display return current

Check power dissipation separately from the temperature grade.

Registers and command words

16 bits, MSB first: address byte then data byte

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
0x00 · No-opData ignoredUse to pass a command through a daisy chain
0x01–0x08 · DigitsOne display byte eachAddresses correspond to DIG0–DIG7
0x09 · Decode modeOne bit per digit1 enables Code B; 0 selects raw segments
0x0A · IntensityLow nibble 0x0–0xF16 PWM settings
0x0B · Scan limit0–7Selects one through eight scanned digits
0x0C · Shutdown0=blank / 1=normalRAM and control contents retained
0x0F · Display test0=normal / 1=all LEDsOverrides shutdown and intensity; disable after testing
Unused command bitsD15–D12 ignoredD11–D8 address; D7–D0 data

MAX7219 has no readback register command. DOUT is the serial shift output.

Decode and segment mapping

Digit data is interpreted by the decode mask

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Raw D7…D0DP, A, B, C, D, E, F, GA set bit lights its segment during that digit slot
Code-B values 0x0–0x9Numerals 0–9Lower nibble selects the glyph
Code-B 0xA…0xF−, E, H, L, P, blankD4–D6 ignored
Decimal pointD7=1Independent of Code-B decoding
Raw numeral 80x7FAll seven bars on; decimal point off
Raw blank0x00All segments off
Decoded blank0x0FUse only on Code-B-enabled digits

A raw matrix image needs decode mode 0x00.

Current, PWM and heat

Do not confuse peak and average LED current

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Eight-digit example RSET64.9 kΩNear the 63.7 kΩ manufacturer-table value for 10 mA at 2.0 V LED drop
Maximum recommended peak40 mA per segmentCheck LED pulse rating and IC power budget
Minimum RSET9.53 kΩActual current also depends on LED forward voltage
Intensity code kPWM duty = (2k+1)/32k=0…15; applies during each digit slot
Per-LED average at eight digitsApproximately Ipeak × PWM duty / 8Multiplexing is in addition to intensity PWM
One / two / three digitsPeak ≤10 / 20 / 30 mAManufacturer limits individual digit-driver dissipation
Package thermal resistancePDIP: 75°C/W; SOIC: 85°C/WDatasheet reference values; board and cooling matter
Current example10 mA × 15/32 ÷ 8 ≈0.586 mAIntensity code 7; approximate average per lit LED

Use scan limit for the real display topology; use intensity to dim.

Serial timing and cascading

LOAD is a latch strobe on MAX7219

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Serial clock maximum10 MHzAt least 50 ns HIGH and 50 ns LOW
DIN setup / hold25 ns / 0 nsRelative to CLK rising
LOAD HIGH pulseAt least 50 nsLatch after the last bit
LOAD rise to next CLK riseAt least 50 nsMAX7219 requirement
DOUT progression16.5 clock cycles behind DINUpdates on falling CLK edges; always driven
Chain connectionDOUT → next DINShare CLK and LOAD; send farthest-device word first
MAX7221 distinctionCS gates clocking; outputs slew-limitedDo not assume those behaviors for MAX7219

Use a defined idle clock and latch only after a complete transfer.

Eight-digit startup example

Example values for decoded numbers

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ParameterValueConditions / notes
Blank during setup0x0C, 0x00Shutdown while configuring
Disable test0x0F, 0x00Avoid the all-on override
Enable Code B0x09, 0xFFAll eight digits decoded
Select eight digits0x0B, 0x07DIG0 through DIG7
Set moderate PWM0x0A, 0x0715/32 slot duty
Initialize display RAM0x01…0x08 with 0x0FBlank every decoded digit
Write a zero on DIG00x01, 0x00Use 0x80 to include its decimal point
Enable display0x0C, 0x01Normal scanning begins

Commands are two bytes each, followed by LOAD rising.

Connections by function

Select a pin for its function, connection guidance and electrical notes.

Serial controls4 pins

Digit cathodes8 pins

Ground2 pins

Segment anodes8 pins

Current setting1 pin

Supply1 pin

Read the conditions with every value

Typical values describe stated test conditions. Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits, not operating targets.

Official PDF datasheet

MAX7219 at a glance

Follow the labeled connections and functional stages

MAX7219 working principle: illustrated functional stages, basic circuit and connections
Select the diagram to read it at full resolution.

How it works

3 stages · Explore one step at a time

Step 1 / 3

Wire the display by function

Segment anodes share A–G/DP buses; each digit has its own common cathode.

Step 2 / 3

Load bytes through DIN and CLK

Send address then data, MSB first, and latch with LOAD rising.

Step 3 / 3

Scan and dim in hardware

RAM preserves the pattern while internal scanning and PWM drive the LEDs.

MAX7219 in a circuit

Physical IC, named segment buses and separate digit returns.

MAX7219 narrow 24-pin IC connected to a 5 V microcontroller and eight common-cathode digits, with 64.9 kohm ISET resistor and supply bypass capacitors.
Matching net names connect. Segment buses are eight separate wires; digit buses are eight separate returns.

Connect it, step by step

Follow the component values and pin connections

Power and bypass

Use both ground pins and place 100 nF plus 10 µF close to V+.

Connect the digit and segment buses

Use common-cathode displays and map each output by its name.

Configure then enable

Initialize mode, scan limit, RAM and brightness before leaving shutdown.

Inside MAX7219

Serial storage, scan control and current drivers inside the IC.

Compact MAX7219 cutaway with shift register, address decoder, 8 by 8 RAM, Code B bypass, PWM, scan engine and LED drivers.
Original functional illustration, not a transistor-level die schematic.

Explore the circuit

Select a stage to see its role and connections

Receive and latch

CLK shifts the command; LOAD selects the destination register.

Store and decode

Each digit has a RAM byte; Code B can be enabled individually.

Drive the display

RSET controls peak segment current; scanning selects digit cathodes.

Selected packagePDIP-24MAX7219ENG+
Physical connections24 pinsPackage-specific numbering
Reference collection7 tables45 parameters & pin functions

Pin reference

Signal names, electrical functions and connection guidance

PDIP-24
Physical pin numbers24 pins

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MAX7219 pin functions and connections
PinSignalTypeFunction & connection
DINInputAccepts serial data on each rising CLK edge.
Connection guidance

Connect to a 5 V host MOSI output.

A guaranteed HIGH requires at least 3.5 V; use level translation with a 3.3 V host.

DIG0Current sinkSelects digit 0 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 0.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

DIG4Current sinkSelects digit 4 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 4.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

GNDGroundSupply and LED-current return.
Connection guidance

Connect both ground pins to the common return.

DIG6Current sinkSelects digit 6 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 6.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

DIG2Current sinkSelects digit 2 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 2.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

DIG3Current sinkSelects digit 3 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 3.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

DIG7Current sinkSelects digit 7 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 7.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

GNDGroundSupply and LED-current return.
Connection guidance

Connect both ground pins to the common return.

DIG5Current sinkSelects digit 5 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 5.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

DIG1Current sinkSelects digit 1 by sinking its common-cathode current.
Connection guidance

Connect to the common cathode of display digit 1.

Inactive digit outputs are driven HIGH on MAX7219, not high impedance.

LOADInputA rising edge transfers the last 16 serial bits to the selected register.
Connection guidance

Hold LOW during each 16-bit transfer, then pulse HIGH.

CLK still shifts the MAX7219 while LOAD is HIGH; this differs from MAX7221 chip-select behavior.

CLKInputSerial clock: DIN shifts on rising edges and DOUT changes after falling edges.
Connection guidance

Connect to host clock; maximum serial clock is 10 MHz.

SEG ACurrent sourceSupplies the A segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the A anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

SEG FCurrent sourceSupplies the F segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the F anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

SEG BCurrent sourceSupplies the B segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the B anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

SEG GCurrent sourceSupplies the G segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the G anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

ISETAnalog referenceSets the peak segment current through an external resistor.
Connection guidance

Connect RSET to V+; the example uses 64.9 kΩ for a low-current red display.

Choose RSET from the manufacturer table using LED forward voltage; do not leave it unconnected.

V+SupplyPowers the serial logic, memory and display drivers.
Connection guidance

Use 5 V with 100 nF ceramic and 10 µF bulk bypass near the IC.

Operating supply range: 4.0–5.5 V.

SEG CCurrent sourceSupplies the C segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the C anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

SEG ECurrent sourceSupplies the E segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the E anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

SEG DPCurrent sourceSupplies the decimal point segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the DP anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

SEG DCurrent sourceSupplies the D segment anodes.
Connection guidance

Join the D anodes across all eight common-cathode digits.

Peak current is set by RSET; digit multiplexing and intensity PWM determine average current.

DOUTOutputSerial data output for daisy-chaining another driver.
Connection guidance

Connect to the next DIN, or leave open for one IC.

Never high impedance; do not connect directly to a shared MISO bus.

PDIP-24 · Top view · Select a pin number to open its interactive pinout.

Supply and logic levels

Recommended operating conditions

Manufacturer-referenced values7 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
V+ operating range4.0–5.5 VExample uses regulated 5 V
Input HIGH / LOW≥3.5 V / ≤0.8 VDIN, CLK and LOAD; 3.3 V is not a guaranteed HIGH
Shutdown current150 µA typical25°C, logic inputs at a supply rail
Display refresh800 Hz typical at eight digits500–1300 Hz specified scan range
Selected E temperature grade−40 to +85°CC grade is 0–70°C
Bypass capacitors100 nF ceramic + 10 µF bulkClose to V+19 and ground
Ground contactsPins 4 and 9Connect both; carry multiplexed display return current

Check power dissipation separately from the temperature grade.

Registers and command words

16 bits, MSB first: address byte then data byte

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
0x00 · No-opData ignoredUse to pass a command through a daisy chain
0x01–0x08 · DigitsOne display byte eachAddresses correspond to DIG0–DIG7
0x09 · Decode modeOne bit per digit1 enables Code B; 0 selects raw segments
0x0A · IntensityLow nibble 0x0–0xF16 PWM settings
0x0B · Scan limit0–7Selects one through eight scanned digits
0x0C · Shutdown0=blank / 1=normalRAM and control contents retained
0x0F · Display test0=normal / 1=all LEDsOverrides shutdown and intensity; disable after testing
Unused command bitsD15–D12 ignoredD11–D8 address; D7–D0 data

MAX7219 has no readback register command. DOUT is the serial shift output.

Decode and segment mapping

Digit data is interpreted by the decode mask

Manufacturer-referenced values7 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Raw D7…D0DP, A, B, C, D, E, F, GA set bit lights its segment during that digit slot
Code-B values 0x0–0x9Numerals 0–9Lower nibble selects the glyph
Code-B 0xA…0xF−, E, H, L, P, blankD4–D6 ignored
Decimal pointD7=1Independent of Code-B decoding
Raw numeral 80x7FAll seven bars on; decimal point off
Raw blank0x00All segments off
Decoded blank0x0FUse only on Code-B-enabled digits

A raw matrix image needs decode mode 0x00.

Current, PWM and heat

Do not confuse peak and average LED current

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Eight-digit example RSET64.9 kΩNear the 63.7 kΩ manufacturer-table value for 10 mA at 2.0 V LED drop
Maximum recommended peak40 mA per segmentCheck LED pulse rating and IC power budget
Minimum RSET9.53 kΩActual current also depends on LED forward voltage
Intensity code kPWM duty = (2k+1)/32k=0…15; applies during each digit slot
Per-LED average at eight digitsApproximately Ipeak × PWM duty / 8Multiplexing is in addition to intensity PWM
One / two / three digitsPeak ≤10 / 20 / 30 mAManufacturer limits individual digit-driver dissipation
Package thermal resistancePDIP: 75°C/W; SOIC: 85°C/WDatasheet reference values; board and cooling matter
Current example10 mA × 15/32 ÷ 8 ≈0.586 mAIntensity code 7; approximate average per lit LED

Use scan limit for the real display topology; use intensity to dim.

Serial timing and cascading

LOAD is a latch strobe on MAX7219

Manufacturer-referenced values7 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Serial clock maximum10 MHzAt least 50 ns HIGH and 50 ns LOW
DIN setup / hold25 ns / 0 nsRelative to CLK rising
LOAD HIGH pulseAt least 50 nsLatch after the last bit
LOAD rise to next CLK riseAt least 50 nsMAX7219 requirement
DOUT progression16.5 clock cycles behind DINUpdates on falling CLK edges; always driven
Chain connectionDOUT → next DINShare CLK and LOAD; send farthest-device word first
MAX7221 distinctionCS gates clocking; outputs slew-limitedDo not assume those behaviors for MAX7219

Use a defined idle clock and latch only after a complete transfer.

Eight-digit startup example

Example values for decoded numbers

Manufacturer-referenced values8 parameters

Scroll within the table to see all columns and rows.

ParameterValueConditions / notes
Blank during setup0x0C, 0x00Shutdown while configuring
Disable test0x0F, 0x00Avoid the all-on override
Enable Code B0x09, 0xFFAll eight digits decoded
Select eight digits0x0B, 0x07DIG0 through DIG7
Set moderate PWM0x0A, 0x0715/32 slot duty
Initialize display RAM0x01…0x08 with 0x0FBlank every decoded digit
Write a zero on DIG00x01, 0x00Use 0x80 to include its decimal point
Enable display0x0C, 0x01Normal scanning begins

Commands are two bytes each, followed by LOAD rising.

Read each value with its conditions

Typical values describe the stated test conditions. Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits, not operating targets.

Analog Devices · 19-4452 · Rev. 6 · August 2021
Official PDF datasheet

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