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High-speed dual voltage comparator

LM319 Working Principle

Learn how LM319 works with an illustrated explanation and practical readings.

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LM319 at a glance

Follow the labeled connections and functional stages

LM319 working principle: illustrated functional stages, basic circuit and connections
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How it works

3 stages · Explore one step at a time

Step 1 / 3

Set a valid threshold

30 kΩ above 20 kΩ creates an ideal 2 V reference from 5 V. Both input voltages must remain between 1 V and 3 V.

Step 2 / 3

Compare the input

Channel 1 compares VIN at pin 4 with VREF at pin 5. VIN below VREF turns its output transistor on.

Step 3 / 3

Read the collector

The 10 kΩ pull-up on pin 12 creates HIGH when the transistor turns off. Pins 3 and 8 return output current to 0 V.

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