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Quad operational amplifier

LM324 Basic Circuit

Build a basic LM324 circuit with labeled pins, component values and connection guidance.

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LM324 in a circuit

A physical 14-pin IC with one amplifier and three defined followers.

LM324N channelA pin3 takesVIN0.4V. Pin1 output feeds30kΩ to pin2, and10kΩ returns pin2 toground. Supplypin4is5V, pin11ground,100nFbypass. Otherchannels takeVIN andeachoutputfeedsitsnegativeinput.
Same-name VIN and supply labels are connected. All ground symbols share one return.

Connect it, step by step

Follow the component values and pin connections

Set the gain

Rf = 30 kΩ and Rg = 10 kΩ set a nominal gain of four.

Connect all four channels

Channel A amplifies VIN. B, C and D follow VIN, with their outputs connected to their own negative inputs.

Check headroom

0.40 V ideally becomes 1.60 V. Increase VIN in the explorer to see the output approach its estimated upper limit.

Try the amplifier

Change the input and feedback. See the gain and output respond.

5 V · DC explorer
Closed-loop gain—
Ideal output—
Estimated output—

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05 V5 VInput voltage →Output voltage →
Estimated outputIdeal gainInput outside recommended range

Gain = 1 + Rf / Rg · VOUT(ideal) = VIN × Gain

Illustrative DC model at 5 V and a light load: output limits are estimated at 0.02 V and 3.50 V. Real swing depends on load, temperature and part variation. Offset, bandwidth, slew rate and noise are omitted; this is a teaching explorer rather than a transistor-level simulation.

Component view