The Engineering Projects

Role of Search Engines in Our Society

Hello friends, I hope you all are performing well in your life. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at detailed The Role of Search Engines in Our Society. this digital world, where the most advanced technologies are shaping our lives every day, search engines have become increasingly important for our everyday life. Search engines like Google are the first place where people go to find anything and everything they need. From entertainment and fun to work, working, education, medicine, and more, search engines are our online universities and libraries of knowledge where people can get any information they need within mere seconds.  Then, there's also the fact that we're exposed to information anywhere we look or go. T-shirt slogans, traffic signs, text messages, websites, newspapers, advertisements, this modern industrialized society is based on data.  If we take into consideration that data is the new currency in this new virtual reality of ours, a person has a hard time keeping up with all this information. Well, one of the best ways to keep up is by understanding the importance of search engines.

Information Management

With such vast amounts of information we encounter every day, most people find it virtually impossible to remember all the details they need to know. Email addresses, phone numbers, figures, dates, names, the list goes on and on.  They need tools to store all that information and retrieve it on demand. The internet is swarming with useful tools like Microsoft Outlook that people use to manage their email, and so on.  Companies have project managers that use various innovative and advanced information management tools to help employees locate and obtain pertinent information. People can count on these tools to get what they want.  Well, the same can be said for search engines. Internet users, both mobile and online, use these engines to find anything online – from a piece of information or service to a new job, product, even a date.

The Ever-increasing Number Of Searches 

Google did a recent survey, and according to this research, there are more than one trillion searches performed per year. If we convert this number to a search per day, it will be something like three billion searches a day.  The whole world depends on search engines. It's not only internet users that use search engines to find useful information. Businesses use them too.  They use search engine optimization to promote what they do and attract wider audiences. SEO helps organizations make the most of their marketing efforts and so much more.  These useful engines are so necessary that there are different types of search engines, depending on the kind of information you're looking for. The best example is Octopart.com, a search engine that people use to find electronic parts. Instead of looking for information on Google, people can use this specific search engine to search across hundreds of distributors and thousands of manufacturers.  It offers you the ability to browse a wide range of electronic parts and components by category. If you're looking for integrated circuits or passive components or anything electromechanical, Octopart will provide it within mere seconds.  We can safely say that search engines make our lives much easier, more educated, and informed. They help us learn and educate ourselves by offering an abundant source of information.  If we take the fact that most people are either mobile or online or both today, they have such power of knowledge right at their fingertips. Search engines have become readily and widely accepted in this contemporary, digital culture of ours.

Find Any Information you Need In Seconds

When we take a better look at it, search engines aren't just about looking for information on demand. They also act as a filter. The internet is loaded with a wealth of available information. Sifting through it would take a tremendous amount of time and effort.  Instead of that, a search engine helps any individual find any information they need in mere seconds by filtering through all that wealth of available information and only presenting the data that is of value to them.  More importantly, search engines like Google only crawl and search for information on the highest quality, trusted websites. The search results you get on Google are reliable and trustworthy but, more importantly, up-to-date, accurate, and relevant.  This is crucial for all who use search engines, especially businesses in different industries.  The most advanced search engines like Google maintain databases of web pages regularly to make sure the information they deliver is relevant and according to the users' interest.  Google uses smart and complex algorithms to assess web pages and websites to rank them for relevant search keywords and phrases. We can safely conclude that the world, as we know it today, depends on search engines to keep turning.  Now you may have understood The Role of Search Engines in Our Society. That how important it is for use and how it is making our life easier.

Introduction To TLS, SSL, and HTTPS

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great in your home. In today’s tutorial, we are going to look at a detailed Introduction to TLS, SSL, and HTTPS. Let’s break down what HTTPS, SSL, and TLS really mean, how they work, and why encryption is so important. Have you ever wondered why some web addresses are different from others?  Let’s discuss it with detail.

What is TLS, SSL and HTTPS

Online attacks are increasing day by day and easy to execute. Because of this, businesses around the world are heavily scrutinizing online transactions involving confidential data to ensure that customers are as secure as possible. Websites without proper security are leaving valuable digital assets vulnerable. Hackers can target customers through email phishing campaigns or intercept private information passed along through a site. All it takes is a single breach to devastate a business. If your website is not safe, secure, and reliable, users will likely avoid it.  In a nutshell, the internet can be a rather dangerous place. Over the past few years, Google has taken steps to shed light on this issue and keep everyone on the websafe. Google’s large browser market share means they have a significant influence on how the Internet operates and where it’s going in the future. Visual security indicators are more apparent now than ever to equip consumers with information to decide what companies they trust with their business. 

HTTPS 

(An example of a secure website from ssl.com) The very first part of every web address indicates whether the site uses Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS). In both instances, data is sent between your browser and the website you are on but HTTP websites are generally not considered encrypted or secure. Trust is the foundation of the Internet economy, and to ensure it, you need end-to-end security. HTTPS ensures that ongoing online communication between server and browser is encrypted and secure. Google also began to use HTTPS as a lightweight ranking signal in the search algorithm. Its algorithm prioritizes websites that used encryption, which, together with a whole variety of metrics, helps to outrank those without. 

SSL vs TLS 

Here is when Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) come into play. To establish an HTTPS connection, you will have to first purchase an SSL or TLS certificate from a trusted provider. Once the certificate is set up, data will be transmitted by using HTTPS which makes your website less vulnerable to cyber attacks.  SSL ensures secure communication almost the same way TLS does, and the differences between the two protocols are small and rather technical. Despite all the similarities they do differ from each other in some respects. Both protocols provide authentication and encryption when transferring data and work by tying a cryptographic digital key to a website’s identifying information. The Internet Engineering Task Force simply created TSL as the successor of SSL; therefore, nowadays, it is considered the encryption standard, although the term SSL is still widely used.  TLS, or the older SSL, both are technologies for encrypting the link between a web server and a web browser. When a browser accesses a server over HTTPS, a sequence called a “handshake” occurs, which establishes a cypher suite (a set of algorithms) for each communication. For the authentication, they utilize a pair of keys (a public key and private key, created together as a pair) that manage the connections. Public keys are encryption tools that use one-way encryption, while the original sender can “sign” data with a private key to secure it.  When you add a certificate to a website, you are encrypting sensitive information, which can include transaction and bank information, credit card information, usernames, passwords, contact information, or anything else being passed between a user and your site. With it, you safeguard your business and your customers’ information by making sure that any data transferred between parties remains impossible to read by hackers.  There are a few visual indicators that indicate a secure website. In addition to displaying your web address as HTTPS, all browsers will show the following trusted visuals cues: 

• Padlock / green browser bar 
• Company name 
• Trusted site seal 

Many browsers trigger security warnings when a user attempts to enter a site with an unsecured connection. Google Chrome, for example, flags all non-encrypted websites as unsafe and even displays a Non Secure warning to deter customers from visiting them. The goal is to have your website served to as many people as possible and to give customers a great experience as intended. 

TYPES OF CERTIFICATES 

Every website should have an SSL or TLS certificate, but there are a variety of certification options that differ in type, price, and level of validation. Any certificate will prevent browser warnings from driving traffic away from their sites, however, a website that deals with particularly sensitive information, such as an e-commerce site, requires a certificate that indicates a security standard with visual SSL indicators. When choosing the best SSL / TLS certificate, two aspects should be considered; validation level and functionality. 

Validation Level 

• Domain Validated (DV): requires proof of control over the domain. DV is a good, fairly easy option for small sites that don’t collect personal data. 
• Organization Validated (OV): requires light business authentication, which results in verified business information being listed in the certificate details. It is a good option for Enterprise environments and intranets. 
• Extended Validation (EV): because a trusted certificate authority has fully vetted your organization, browsers will give your website special treatment, displaying your organization's name in the address bar. 

Functional 

• Single-Domain (SD): can be installed on a single domain and is available at all three validation levels. 
• Multi-Domain (MD): can encrypt up to 250 domains with a single certificate. 
• Wildcard (WC): can secure a single domain and all accompanying first-level sub-domains, but is only available in DV and OV. 
• Multi-Domain Wildcards (MDWC): can encrypt up to 250 domains, plus any accompanying sub-domains, but is only available in DV or OV. 

There are free and cost-effective SSL solutions which satisfy the bare minimum requirements, but if you want your company to rise above the basic industry standards, as well as offer more security for your website and gain confidence in your brand, you should invest in the right certificate for your needs. 101domain offers a buyer’s guide that goes over everything you need to know to decide on your ideal certificate type. Since security certification is a dynamic and constantly evolving aspect of web security, it is essential to do your homework before you purchase just any SSL / TLS certificate.  This is all for today and if you have any question regarding this post, you can comment down below and ask me. I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Future of Online PCB Industry in 2019

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at Future of Online PCB Industry in 2019. The first printed circuit board was created by the Paul Eisler in 1943 until its creation it has become more sophisticated and advanced. Nowadays there are many types of PCB like single-sided, double-sided, multilayer PCB are exiting. The current PCB is available at less cost and more designing options than its creation time. If we look ten years back different PCB design like HDI (High-Density Interconnector), microvias, and  Field Programmable Gate Array were considered most expensive but nowadays they are easily available to all over the world. With the new inventions of electronic industries, the use and demand of PCB also increased. The basic element in every engineering project and the electronic component is printed circuit board over which all components of the circuit are designed. In today's post, we will have a look at the future of different PCB industries and their products. So let's get started with the Future of Online PCB Industry in 2019.

Future of Online PCB Industry in 2019

• The printed circuit board has future and its industry will grow widely in coming days as the electronic industry growing day by day and without PCB electronic devices can not be manufactured.
• Current PCB is available in very less price and different packages and also have space for further development in its designing and components attached to it.
• Due to different inventions in electronic industries, there is also variation in the design of PCB essential.

• There are also new manufacturing techniques introducing to industries due to different printed circuit board complicated structures.
• So we describe some areas that will explain the future of the printed circuit board and its industry.

PCBWay

• PCBWay is famous printed circuit board manufacturing company that provides PCB prototype, PCBA, SMD stencil and Flexible PCB packaging at the same time.
• This manufacturer provides its services to almost one seventy countries. It processing almost twenty-one hundred orders in a single day.

•  I have used many other PCB manufacturer's services for my projects, but I feel that PCBWay is best in all services like less price, order delivered in a given time, and all featured were present in the product that was I asked them to be added in my order.

• You can see in a given figure the PCB that I purchased from PCBWay.

• I am impressed with the quality of the boards, the delivery time and response to all my questions. Best price excellent service and speedy delivery. When I need another board I will certainly use this supplier.

• PCBWay strives to be the easiest manufacturer for you to work with. PCBWay – PCB Prototype the Easy Way!
• The main products manufactured by the PCBWay are HDMI, Server board, lift CPU Main control board, punch CPU, Industrial Motherboard, Lenovo, DSP board, GPRS Communication Products, wifi Module.

PCB Board Cameras

• Such types of cameras that are assembled on the circuitry board are known as PCB (printed circuit board) cameras.
• These cameras comprise on the aperture, image senor, and lenses and have the ability to make videoes and photos.
• The size of these cameras we can design according to our requirements. It means that we can construct a camera such size that can easily fit into the circuit of any electronic device like an example of this is a mobile camera.
• After the inventions of these cameras, they become very common for picture and video capturing. Nowadays their video and image quality has become very high than previous cameras.
• After few years board camera will further grow and many new features will come to these cameras that will also increase the features of electronic device that used this product.

3D Printed Electronics

• In the current era, one of the most interesting technology is three-dimensional printing. 3D printing technology is probably one of the most exciting technological innovations in recent years.
• Due to three-dimensional printing, numerous new innovations have been given to our electronic industries such as firearms and ammo.
• The three-dimensional printing is one of famous innovations of printed circuit boars like three dimensional PE, three dimensional (3D) printed electronics that are directing us how electric system will grow in the next few years.

• The three dimensional PE offers numerous scientific and assembling advantages to PCB users as well as PCB producers. Such as new design of PCB, high efficiency, etc.

PCB Autoplacers

• Most of the printed circuit board manufacturer use autoplacers for in their circuit board to this autoplacer will distribute the equal electronic functionality over the complete layout of the board. It makes the processing of circuit board easier.
• But the use of this component of the board is a little bit difficult and expensive, but its use increase processing speed by integrating electric and mechanical CAD (computer-aided design).

High-Speed Capabilities

• Nowadays everyone is trying to save his time and asking for everything to work fast as well operation of technology.
• To fulfil this faster operation demand of users there is need of variation in the features of a printed circuit board as it is the basic component in every electronic instruments and device.

Biodegradable PCBs

• Nowadays waste products of different electronic products and AKA e-waste (Byproducts from electronic gadgets are dangerous to our health and our climate) are a serious issue for us.
• This wastage material consists of electronic instruments like laptops, television, mobile phone and other portable instruments that consists of some elements that are not good for our health and environment.
• As this electronic wastage creating problem to reduce this e-scrapping has been used in different industries.
• The printed circuit board is a very important part of this electronic wastage some material used in the construction of PCB not disposed of properly so they make polluted our water and environment.

That is the detailed tutorial on the Future of Online PCB Industry in 2019 in this tutorial I have explained each and everything related to PCB and its future industry. If you have any question about it ask in comments.

Industries impacted by Virtual Reality

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we will have a look at Industries impacted by Virtual Reality. Since its introduction to the mainstream a few years ago, VR technology has been raising excitement in anyone interested in fresh ideas. This concept might not be developing on the level we expected from the beginning. However, the potential of Virtual Reality shows great promise for some fantastic things we could be doing in the future, but even now there are many fields and industries where VR is becoming a real game-changer.

Architecture and engineering

There is a lot that VR-based tools can do for engineers, architects, planners, designers, constructors, and so on. It helps them deliver value and make their work easier and better. Just imagine a project of your own house coming to life in front of your eyes in a way the best computer programs won’t be able to match. VR can greatly improve all the stages of the design cycle like the initial concept, modeling, prototyping, reviewing structural weaknesses and similar, as well as serving as an invaluable training tool.

Entertainment

VR in the gaming industry is one of the most promising trends for video game development and a significant stream of revenue for this sector. It is believed that the annual worldwide proceeds from VR will reach 28 billion dollars in 2020, with $4.5 B coming from actual VR games. The technology is getting more recognition in other entertainment branches as well. Some music artists use VR gear to provide a more memorable experience from music concerts. It is also used similarly in theaters, museums, galleries, and amusement parks.

Education

The concept of learning has changed a lot because people can acquire knowledge in different ways. Many of them through the sense of sight. Applying solutions coming from Virtual Reality makes sense here, and it can transform learning processes for students and teachers. It allows them to have a fuller, more immersive experience and come into contact with excellent interactive content.

Tourism and marketing

Virtual Reality is a great way to showcase a product to potential customers to make them want it more. No wonder then that marketing was one of the first industries to embrace the new technology. Travel companies, especially, can find it useful to deliver realistic views of exotic locations, architectural monuments, and exciting places.

7 Steps To Create Your Own Eco-Project

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at 7 Steps To Create Your Own Eco-Project. As global warming rises steadily, people have started realizing the importance of sustainable, green, and clean living. People that once considered global warming to be a hoax are now actively searching for eco-friendly ideas and how to be environmentally friendly. The reasons behind this change can be attributed to the numerous catastrophic changes that are taking place around the world due to global warming. This is also one of the reasons that colleges and universities are taking such a keen interest in making sure all students are well versed when it comes to climate change. Projects on how to be environmentally friendly and researches on global warming are highly encouraged in academia nowadays. A paper based on the effects of global warming, eco-friendly ideas, or environmental tips is much more likely to be successful than other papers because this topic is relevant to the world today. To help you get started on the best eco-project or paper, we’ve made a list of some excellent eco-friendly ideas and environmental tips! So let's get started with the 7 Steps To Create Your Own Eco-Project.

7 Steps To Create Your Own Eco-Project

 Conserve Energy

• Conserving energy is an excellent eco-friendly idea for creating a sustainable environment. The steps to do this are incredibly simple; all you have to do is be more cognizant of the electricity you use.

• Switch off the extra lights and fans you're not using, and don't leave electronics plugged in. Simple measures such as these can cause a drastic change in the percentage of energy you conserve.
• You will not only do your part in preventing global warming but will also notice a considerable reduction in your electricity bill! A win-win situation with no drawbacks whatsoever.
• You can check online to find more creative, eco-friendly ideas on how to be environmentally friendly and conserve energy.

Renewable Energy Is The New Way To Go

• There has been considerable research done on how beneficial renewable energy is for the environment. Students who are considering doing a paper on renewable energy have a plethora of options to choose from.
• New forms of renewable energy and eco-friendly ideas are being discovered almost every other day. Hence, there is loads of information available online to help you write an excellent paper.
• However, if you do not reword the information you picked up online correctly, you could get penalized for plagiarism. To ensure that your paper is plagiarism-free, run it through a free online plagiarism checker such as PapersOwl before turning it in.
• If you have a capstone project on the subject, then you can refer to one of the numerous free helpful websites that guide you on how to write a capstone paper easily.

Use Eco-Friendly Technology

• Most new technologies being introduced in the market have some measures of eco-friendliness and energy conservation incorporated in them.
• The newer LED and compact fluorescent lightbulbs produce much less carbon dioxide as compared to the older incandescent bulbs.
• Most modern refrigerators are CFC free and Split system air conditioners conserve much more energy compared to their older counterparts. You can check online to know more about modern, eco-friendly ideas and how to be environmentally friendly by using the latest technology.

 Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

• This is a simple and catchy slogan that can lead to numerous, innovative eco-friendly ideas and environmental tips!
• Reduce unnecessary usage of things, reuse whatever you can, and always recycle! Students can use recycled paper in classes, metal straws, and lunchboxes instead of single-use straws and plastic lunch bags.
• Simple measures such as these can lead to a much cleaner and greener environment.

Insulate Your House

• Insulating your house makes it much easier to cool it down during the summers and heat it during the winters.
• Without insulation, not only will you have a hard time keeping the temperature inside your house stable and comfortable, but you will also be spending a large amount of money on heating and air conditioners.
• House insulation is a one-time investment that you can benefit from over numerous years. It is one of the simpler eco-friendly ideas and environmental tips that you can implement and benefit from as well.

Reduce Waste

• This goes without saying. Reducing waste in your house, whether through recycling or composting, can help you tremendously with keeping the environment clean.
• By waste, we don’t just mean just plastics, even wasted food is terrible for the environment as it produces tons of carbon dioxide in large landfills.

• Reducing waste is easy, free, and helps reduce your carbon footprint as well. You can check online for different ways to reduce waste and compost using leftover food!

Plant Trees

• Deforestation is one of the leading causes of global warming. Each year numerous forests and wooded areas are destroyed either by timber companies or due to urbanization.
• A single tree can absorb 1 ton of carbon dioxide in just 40 years. For this reason, one of the best things you can do for the environment is to plant a tree.
• Students can even get together and organize tree-planting drives for the community while discussing how to write a capstone paper. Environmental tips and eco-friendly ideas on how to be environmentally friendly can be spread during such campaigns to raise awareness about the issue.

Conclusion

• Slowly but steadily, people realize the importance of being eco-friendly. Numerous online publications have well-sited, well-researched papers that back the importance of creating a sustainable and clean environment. Being conscious of our environment is the only way we can prevent global warming and reverse some of its effects.

It is the detailed tutorial on 7 Steps To Create Your Own Eco-Project if you have any question about it ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

Benefits of Animated Videos to Grow Your Business

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at Benefits of Animated Videos to Grow Your Business. Animated videos are effective tools for audience engagement on your website, social media, at conferences, and employee meetings. Animated videos have the power to increase conversion by 80%. Websites with animation are more likely to attract potential customers. Your competition is using animation to tell stories, enhance their branding, and set themselves apart, in fact, 96% of marketers use animated videos in their marketing campaigns. So let's get started with Benefits of Animated Videos to Grow Your Business.

Why aren’t you?

• Austin Visuals, a leading US-based animation production company, creates customized motion graphics and other types of 2D and 3D animations to drive maximum sales for businesses of all sizes from start-up to stand out.

Choosing the Right Animation for Your Product

• Imagination is unlimited, but budgets are not. Austin Visuals, a leading US-based animation production company, creates customized motion graphics and other types of 2D and 3D animations to drive maximum sales for businesses of all sizes from start-up to stand out by helping them choose the right type of animation for their message and budget.

Pre-Created Characters

• The least expensive form of animation is the pre-created character animation. You start (as always) with a script that explains how to, why to, and when to use your product or service.

• Austin Visuals then incorporates special effects and pre-created characters to give you a memorable video. Average cost - $1,000 per minute.

Motion Graphics

• Austin Visuals Animation Company uses illustrations, dancing fonts, After Effects, and more to add zest to live video, drone shots, renders and more to create compelling videos for use on all digital media. Average cost - $1,500 per minute.

Custom 2D

• Our animation production company will create your unique spokesperson, demonstrate how a motor or engine works, tell a humorous or emotional story, make you a music video for your latest composition, or explain your new product in colorful 2D.
• Custom 2D is also effective for employee training and communication.
• Average cost: $2,000-$3,000 per minute.

Custom 3D

• Austin Visuals Animation Company most frequently uses 3D animation when making complex processes simple.
• In nearly 12 years, our animation production company has created hundreds of medical/scientific videos for device manufacturers and clinician entrepreneurs to educate a variety of publics.
• Average cost: $4,000-$6,000 per minute. Consultations are free. Contact Austin Visuals at info@austinvisuals.com to find out how we can help you improve your marketing and sales ROI with animation.

So, friends, it is a detailed tutorial about Benefits of Animated Videos to Grow Your Business if you have any question about it ask in comments.

Preparing for Engineering Certification Exams in the US

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at Preparing for Engineering Certification Exams in the US.  Preparing to take an engineering exam can be an intimidating process because you know that it’s going to challenge your ability to recall and use what you’ve learned. Of course, with engineering being such a complex and broad field, involving plenty of math and science, it’s not surprising that high-level engineering exams can be some of the most difficult academic tests you’ll encounter during the course of your education. However, becoming a certified engineer is well worth the hassle when you consider the high salaries and prestigious job positions that come with it. To make sure you’re adequately prepared for your engineering certification exams, we will discuss some tips. So let's get started with Preparing for Engineering Certification Exams in the US.

Preparing for Engineering Certification Exams in the US

 Use Practice Exams

• If you’re looking for advice about how to prepare for an engineering exam, you’re probably still studying the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE). If that’s the case, you can take several practice exams to see what kind of questions and problems you’ll have to answer and solve on the real exam.

• That way, when the day of the exam comes, it’ll feel like another walk in the park. Using practice exams is a universally applicable strategy that can be applied to any subject, so be sure to work this into your overall study strategy.

Study the Fundamentals of Engineering

• As you may know, in order to become a licensed engineer, you must first complete a 4-year college degree program and pass the FE exam. After that, you’ll be working under the guidance of a Professional Engineer (PE) for another 4 years.
• From there, you’ll need to pass 2 intensive competency tests and apply for licensure with the state’s licensure board.
• It’s important to have a firm grasp on FE before you go into your first exam, as you’ll need to utilize what you’ve learned under the supervision of a PE.
• So, instead of just aiming to pass the exam and be done with it, you should go ahead and be prepared to assimilate and retain everything because you’re going to need it all eventually.

Study the Principles and Practices of Engineering

• The Principles and Practices of Engineering (PE) exam will be the second exam you’ll need to pass while you’re accumulating experience as a supervised apprentice. More than 25,000 interns take the PE exam every year.
• To give you an idea of how difficult this exam is, the annual pass rate for all students taking the test is below 65%. That means more than a third of engineer interns fail this exam and have to retake it.
• That’s a remarkably low pass rate when you consider the fact that those are students who have already done extensive studying in the field.
• The chances of passing such a test without a high level of sustained educational commitment are slim to none.

A Few Tips to Help You Pass the FE and PE Exams

• Now that you know what you’re up against, and you’ve learned the value of using practice exams during the preparation phase, here are a few tips you can use to maximize your chances of passing any major engineering exam:

Study every day for 3 months

• Experts recommend giving yourself at least 90 days of preparation at a minimum, with 6 months being an optimal time frame.

Create a study schedule

• Strictly adhering to a study schedule will ensure you’ll be done learning and ready to start re-capping weeks before the actual exam.

Read PE reference books

• You can find some incredible PE reference books online.
• Ultimately, if you heed the tips above and make sure you have a firm grasp of FE and PE, you should be able to pass your exam with flying colors.

So, friends, it is a detailed tutorial about Preparing for Engineering Certification Exams in the US if you have any question about it ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

What is Thyristor

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at What is Thyristor. The thyristor is a semiconductor component that has 4 layers of N and P materials with the sequence P, N, P, N. First thyristor was invented in 1950 by William Shockley who was a physicist and belonged to the United States of America. But first time it was practically used in 1956 due to its huge amount of current and voltage handling capability. Due to this feature, it was commonly used in different power control circuitry, fan dimmers, and speed control of different motors. There are 2 types of design in which this module available and both used according to circuit requirements first one has two leads and the second one has three leads in its structure. This electronic component is mostly used in switching circuitry, oscillators, level detection circuits, etc. This module is not similar to the transistor as a transistor can operate among on and off conditions but thyristor operates only single state either on or off. In today's post, we will have a look at its working, structure, pinout, applications and some related parameter. So let's get started with What is Thyristor.

What is Thyristor

• A thyristor is also known as SCR (silicon controlled rectifiers) used in different switching circuits like a transistor and in power controlling circuitry.
• The physical structure of this semiconductor is different than the other semiconductors materials like transistor that has three layers but in thyristor 4 layers of different elements are constructed.

• In a normal transistor, there are 3 P, N, P or N, P, N layer exists but in while in thyristor four-layer like P, N, P, N exists.
• Its 'P' end is known as anode and 'N' end is known as the cathode. As in normal transistor base control terminal in this device, the control terminal is known as a gate that is adjacent to the cathode.
•  This module can be created with the different semiconductor materials but normal it is manufactured with the silicon.
• As the silicone has the ability to handle larger amperes current and voltage easily as well it has ability to bear high temperature so it mostly preferred for thyristor construction.
• with these features, its price and construction are simple so it prefered for thyristor and some other electronic devices.

 Working of Thyristor

• The working of this module is different than other semiconductors device, to the understanding of working of this device we draw the equivalent circuit.
• In the given figure you can see that two transistors are linked with one another the first transistor is NPN that is behaving like the anode and the second transistor is PNP that is behaving like the cathode.
• If we provide input supply to at the terminals of thyristor there will be no current passes as the both of transistor ane unbiased state.
• If we connect input supply at the gate then current will passes through the base that will operate the TR2 transistor.
• When TR2 starts its operation than the base of the first transistor get force from this transistor and start its operation it causes to put TR2 in working state either we separated the input supply.

Features of Thyristor

• These are some features of thyristor that are described here with detailed.

  	Specifications	Parameters
  dI/dt	Extreme increment of on-state current	It is an extreme value of current for on condition if it surpasses then our device will be damaged.
  IGM	Maximum Gate Current	It is the extreme value at the gate that it can bear.
  IGT	Triggering current of the gate	It is the triggering value of current at the gate that also starts to current flow through anode and cathode terminals of component.
  I2t	Overcurrent protection	The I2t parameter tells about the value of fuse used for this module.
  IT(AV)	On condition average current	This parameter of thyristor explains about the average value of current passing through the module.

Types of Thyristor

• There are numerous types of thyristor according to their use and structure.

RCT:

• One important feature of thyristor is that it stops current to flow in reverse direction so if we add and diode then current starts to flow in the opposite direction. This type of arrangement is known as RCT or reverse conducting thyristor.
• During reverse operation both thyristor and diode not operate at the same time but they take some time for the operation that provides protection from overheating.
• This type of thyristor used in inverter circuits and frequency regulators.

GATT:

• This types of thyristor are used in such applications where fast switching needs. For this process in certain cases, negative polarity voltage also provided to the gate.
• To control the voltage at cathode and anode terminals negative voltage at the gate control the minorities carriers.
• The physical construction of thyristor is like to normal thyristor but the difference is that the area of cathode that enhances the controlling capability of the gate.

GTO:

• It is also known switch for a gate of thyristor. This types of thyristor are not normally used in circuits because they not operate at reverse voltage.

Asymmetric Thyristor:

• In such circuits where there is no use reverse voltage and no need of rectifier circuit this type of thyristor is used. These are normally used in switching circuits.

Applications of Thyristor

• The thyristor is normally used in different electronic circuits and devices, its some practical uses are explained here with the detailed.
• It used in different electrical devices for the controlling of alternating current at the input such as motor, light etc.
• It used in different circuits as a switch.
• In a different circuit, it used to control the overvoltage.
• It used in different controllers as a trigger.
• It also used in camera for flashing of a photograph.

It is the detailed tutorial on thyristor in this post I have mentioned each and everything related to the thyristor. If you still have any question about it ask in comments. Thanks for reading.  

How to Migrate Website to Another Host with Minimal Downtime

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at How to Migrate Website to Another Host with Minimal Downtime. Nowadays, moving a website from one host to another has become very easy. However, there are still chances of downtime during the transfer process. No matter, what is the transfer speed; changing the domain name servers can cause the website to go dark up to 72 hours. Some website still does not know “What is website migration?”. That is why; we are writing this article to help the website owners in cms migration. A website transfer means, transferring all the files, databases, every software, and subdomain configuration to the new host. Depending on the website size and configuration, it can take about one day to set up the startup process. This can result in downtime but some tricks can help you avoid such disaster during transfer. If you are a site administrator then following these tips will be much easier for you. So let's get started with How to Migrate Website to Another Host with Minimal Downtime.

Do Not Cancel Existing Hosting Plan

• Whenever someone buys a new hosting plan, they cancel the old one immediately. It is a very common mistake by the newbies.

• First, inform the existing hosting provider that you are moving to the new company’s server. Cancelling the existing plan before the transition can result in loss of database and files.

Hold that Call

• When you ask them to cancel your hosting plan, they do it immediately sometimes. It has been seen with many hosting companies that they immediately cancel the order and refund the remaining fees.
• Once the hosting plan is cancelled, then you will not be able to retrieve your files.
• This kind of downtime is very difficult to recover from. It can result in all database and file loss.

Download Backup Files

• Before transferring the website data, also download the compressed backup files from the server.
• To make the process easier, make sure that both old and new companies are using the same web-based administration technology.
• In this way, you can restore and backup the data as quickly as possible.

Back-Up Page

• After logging into the Cpanel, you need to find the backup page. This page contains all the necessary tools that will help you backup all the website data.
• You can also get a backup of your MySQL database. The backups are also very important for website maintenance.

Download Backup

• There will an option for creating a backup. You can choose the full-site backup so you can use it to transfer to another hosting server.
• A full-site backup contains all the data but we will recommend you to download a backup of your subdomain differently. There should also be an option to create a backup file for your MySQL database. You do not need to decompress the files as the new server can do it automatically.
• When you will upload the compressed backup files, the server will automatically decompress it. A  compressed file will remain secure but a decompressed file will not.

Migration to the New Server

• Login to the new server cPanel and navigate to the backup page. There will be an option for backup restore.
• Click on that option and upload your backup files. The server will decompress them and will restore the entire website. The process can take time depending on the size of the file.

That's all about How to Migrate Website to Another Host with Minimal Downtime if you have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

What is difference between PCB and PCBA

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at what is difference between PCB and PCBA. The printed circuit board (PCB) is a circuitry board that used to construct engineering projects and electronic devices circuits. The invention of this board has reduced complicated wiring circuits that were used before its creation, the circuits manufactured by the complex wiring were very difficult to handle in sense of fault detection and reconstruction. The printed circuit board is manufactured by a substrate material that is constructed by material such as glass fibre, epoxy resins. On this board, a large number of conductive paths are designed on which different symbols of electronic components are sketched so we can easily connect our components to make circuits. There are many types of PCB that have their own structure designing and practical application. In today's post, we will have a detailed look at the printed circuit board and PCBA, compare them with detail description. So let's get started with What is difference between PCB and PCBA.

What is difference between PCB and PCBA

What is a PCB?

• The printed circuit board is a circuitry board that used to creation of circuits. On this circuitry board, there are numerous layers of copper designed for circuits creation.

• The base material used for this circuit board is manufactured by the epoxy resin and glass fibre.
• This circuit board is available in one layer to many layers according to circuitry for which it used like double-sided PCB, multi-sided PCB.
• In simple circuits single-layer printed circuit board is used while in complicated circuits like the motherboard of a computer, GPS (global positioning system) double layer or multilayer PCB is used.
• In electronic devices like televisions, mobile phones, and other electronic devices used printed circuit board their circuitry construction.
• With the usage of technical instruments, it also used in medical instruments like CT (computed tomography) scan machine, X-Ray, etc.

PCBWay

• PCBWay is a famous printed circuit board producer company that offers different features and services related to PCB. Its main services are given here.
• It is located in china.
• It delivers an order to clients within a given time and uses DHL for delivering orders
• It provides prototypes fabrications within working twenty-four hours.
• Its management team consists of more fifty professionals technicians and engineers
• Its provided quality is satisfying the clients all over the world.

PCB Designing

• There is numerous option available in the manufacturing of printed circuit board every single board of PCB has its own designing and layout according to project requirements.
• The PCB manufacturers used computed aided designing techniques for assembly of a printed circuit board.
• With the using of different software, PCB producer should also have skills to provide the board according to circuit and customer designing requirements.
• After making a layout of the circuit a sample of that circuit is copied on a plastic paper sheet to make some corrections.

 Types of PCB

• There are numerous types of a printed circuit board according to designing and circuitry for which it to be used. These types are listed here.
• Single-Sided PCB
• Double-Sided PCB
• Multi-Layer PCB

Single-Sided PCB

• In this type of printed circuit board, the conductive layers are designed on one side of board and all circuits are manufactured on this PCB side.

Double-Sided PCB

• In this PCB both sides of the board are used for the construction of circuits and both sides have a conductive layer. Its main benefits are that both sides elements are connected with each other through holes that are already designed on it.

Multi-layered PCB

• In this type of printed circuit board, there are more than two-layers are manufactured that has their own conductive paths and circuits are manufactured on each layer according to user requirement.

Material used For PCB Manufacturing

• For the manufacturing of PCB, the base substance normally called substrate is manufactured with the fibreglass or epoxy resins.
• Some boards have substrate manufactured by the fibreglass and epoxy resin.
• Some manufacturers used rein-forced phenolic resin blended with the copper, PCB production by this process is less costly than other PCBs.
• Such a circuit board is normally used household devices and electric circuitry.
• Different layers of copper are designed on a substrate material, for protection of this board from outer environment layer tin and the lead mixture is coated.

What is PCBA?

• PCBA stands for printed circuit board assembly. It is a board that we have after complete circuit manufacturing and assembly of different elements.
• If we compare a simple printed circuit board with a printed circuit board assembly or PCBA, then we will find that the PCB is only circuit board while PCBA is circuit board having completer packaging and assembly of different components.
• The elements that are used to make circuitry in printed circuit board assembly are an inductor, capacitor, diodes resistances, etc.

Technique Used in PCBA

• There are 2 main methods used in printed circuit board assembly first one through-hole technology and the second one is surface-mounted. Let's discuss these two with detailed.

Surface-Mount Technology:

• This technique is the best option for small circuitry and elements used in circuits. This process uses 3 different steps for the assembly of PCBA.
• In the First step at the surface of the circuit board, solder paste is spread.
• After that, all components of the respective circuitry are assembled on their respective places.
• In the final step, the board is kept in an oven of five hundred degrees celsius to make solder paste soft so circuit components get assembled properly.

Through-Hole Technology

• In this technique there are three steps are followed like the surface-mounted technique. In first step elements of circuitry are manually assembled on the board.
• In the second step connections of all elements are checked either they are correct or not.

• After that PCBA is passed through a liquid solder at five hundred degrees Fahrenheit.

PCB vs PCBA

• Till now I hope you have learned detailed on PCB and PCBA now we discuss their main differences.

Manufacturing Procedure:

• The manufacturing od PCB is very simple than the PCBA. In printed circuit board assembly we use special techniques for circuits designing and used an oven for fine connections of components.

Cost:

• The price of PCB is less than the PCBA, in PCBA due to complex circuitry different expensive components are used.

Functionality

• The printed circuit board is just a simple board have no component for circuitry to get or provide supply.
• While in PCBA all necessary components are available for the proper working of the circuit.

Packaging

• The PCB is available in vacuum packaging and a printed circuit board is anti-static packaging.

That is the detailed article about PCB and PCBA, I have mentioned each and everything related to these two. If you still have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading.