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Single bipolar operational amplifier

LM741 Working Principle

Learn how LM741 works with an illustrated explanation and practical readings.

LM741 at a glance

Follow the labeled connections and functional stages

LM741 working principle: illustrated functional stages, basic circuit and connections
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How it works

3 stages · Explore one step at a time

Step 1 / 3

Compare two inputs

The input stage responds to the difference between pins 3 and 2. Small input errors can cause large output changes without feedback.

Step 2 / 3

Return part of the output

The 90 kΩ and 10 kΩ network returns one tenth of the output to IN−. Negative feedback brings this near the voltage at IN+.

Step 3 / 3

Stay within the analog limits

With ±15 V rails, the example has comfortable headroom. Input offset and bias currents introduce DC error; bandwidth, slew rate and loading limit changing signals.

Component view