The Engineering Projects

What is Star Delta Transformation

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is Star Delta Transformation. We will also have a look at its inverse i.e. Delta to Star Transformation. In electrical systems, we have to deal with resistances a lot, arranged in different patterns i.e. parallel, series, mesh etc. Simple single-phase resistive circuits, where resistances are present in parallel or series combination, can be solved by using series or parallel formulas of resistances, there are also few other techniques i.e. Kirchoff's Laws, nodal analysis etc. to solve such circuits. But in the case of complex 3-phase resistive circuits, we can't use these basic formulas & thus need better techniques. Star to delta transformation method is one of them.

The star to delta transformation can also be expressed as Y-? transformation, it is a mathematical method used to solve complex resistive circuits in 3-phase electrical systems. Its name wye-delta is given to it because of its design. As shown in the figure, Star(wye) looks like Y, while Delta looks like ?.  This transformation technique from one form to another was given by Edwin Kennelly in 1899, who was an electrical engineer who belongs to the USA. Besides using in electrical circuitries star-delta transformation can also be used in maths to solve different planer graphs. In today’s post, we will have a look at its working, formula, equation, and uses. So, let’s get started with what is star-delta transformation?

What is Star Delta Transformation?

• The Star-Delta Transformation (Y-?) is a mathematical technique given by Edwin Kennelly in 1899 and is used to solve complex 3-phase resistive electrical circuits by transforming from Star(Y) design to Delta(?) design with the help of formulas.

Before going any further, let's first understand why we need Star to Delta Transformation?

Why Star Delta Transformation?

• We use Star-Delta transformation to simplify complex 3-phase circuits.
• These simplified versions are a lot easier to solve as compared to the original complex ones.
• So, such transformations actually save us from complex calculations, thus reduce errors & save time.

Now let's have a look at Star & Delta arrangements, one by one:

What is Star(Y) Network?

• If all resistances are connected to a common point(also called Joint) from one end, while the other end(of the resistances) is open, this connection styling is termed as Star Network or Y Connection(also called wye circuitry).
• Star Connection is also referred to as open-loop as there's no loop in it.
• Below figure shows the T-Shaped Normal circuit and its equivalent Y-Shaped Connection:

• We haven't performed any transformation in the above figure, instead, we have just draw a single circuit in two different styles, one is called T-shaped, while the second one is Y-shaped.
• In both of these forms, resistances are connected at a single common point called Junction/Joint, represented by J in the above figure.

Now let's have a look at How Delta Network looks like?

What is Delta(?) Network?

• If the resistances are creating a loop i.e. each end of resistance is connected to other resistance, such circuitry is termed as Delta Circuitry, Delta Network or Delta Connection, denoted by ?.
• Delta Connection is also referred to as a closed-loop as it involves a loop.
• Below figure shows the normal loop circuit and its equivalent Delta Circuit:

• Again we are not performing any transformation, instead, we are just displaying a single circuit in its two equivalent shapes.
• In both formats, resistances have created a loop and are connected to one another.

By now, you must have understood the difference between Star & Delta Connection and if you are presented with a circuit, you can easily find whether its a Star or a Delta. Now let's have a look at How to transform from one shape to another(i.e. Star to Delta & Delta to Star).

Star to Delta Transformation

• Transforming a circuit from Star Connection to Delta Connection is called Star to Delta Transformation.
• As shown in the below figure, both connections have the same number of resistances but their values are different.
• So, if we want to convert a Star Connection into a Delta one, then we need to find the values of all Delta resistances i.e. R_A, R_B & R_C.

So, let's have a look at How to drive equations for Star Delta Transformation.

Equation of Star Delta Transformation

• As shown in the above figure, we need to find the values of Delta resistances.
• In order to do so, let's find out the resistance between nodes.

Between N1 & N2:

• In star connection, the resistance between N1 & N2 is equal to R₁ + R₂.
• In Delta connection, resistance R_A is in parallel with R_B & R_C, so the resistance between N1 and N2 will be equal to R_A(R_B + R_C)/(R_A + R_B + R_C).  (using resistance parallel formula)
• As both circuits are equivalent, so the resistance between similar nodes must be equal and will give us equation A, shown below:

Between N2 & N3:

• The resistance between nodes N2 & N3 will give us equation B:

Between N3 & N1:

• The resistance between nodes N3 & N1 will give us equation C:

• Now let's add Equations A, B & C and we will get equation D, as shown in the below figure:

• Now let's subtract equations A, B & C from equation D and we will get values of R₁, R₂ & R₃, as shown in the below figure:

• Now by using these values of R₁, R₂ & R₃, we can get the value of R_A, R_B & R_C, as shown in the below figure:

• So, using these six equations, we can easily convert Star to Delta and Delta to Star, it will get more clear when we solve examples in the next section.

Example of Star Delta Transformation

• The star-? alteration complications are the finest samples to comprehend the idea of the circuitries.
• The resistance in a star system is represented with (X, Y, Z), which can be seen in the above diagram and the values of these resistances are (X= 80?), (Y= 120?), and (Z = 40?).

A= (XY/Z) +Y+X)

X= 80 ?, Y= 120 ?, and Z = 40 ?

• By putting these parameters in the above formula we calculate the value of A.

A = (80 X 120/40) + 120 + 80 )= (240 + 120 + 80 )= (440 ?)

• As we have find value of resistance (B) which is ((ZX/Y) + X+Z).
• Now we put values in this equation to find the value of B.

B = ((40X80/120) + 80 + 40) = (27 + 120) = (147 ?).

• Now we can calculate the value of resistance C by this equation

C= ((YZ/X) +Z+Y)

• Putting value in this equation we get C.

 ((120 x 40/80) + 40 + 120) = (60 + 160) = (220 ?)

Delta To Star Transformation

• Now we see how we can converts delta circuitry back to the star connection.
• Let's solve circuitry which is connected in the delta form and has 3 points a, b, c. The value of resistance among the joints a and b is (R1), resistance among the b and c is (R2), and c and d are (R3).

• The value of resistance among the points and b is given here.

(Rab) = (R1)??(R1+R2)

= [(R1).(R2+R3)]/[(R1+R2+R3)]

• You can see there is another circuitry that is connected in the Y connection it has three branches a, a, c which has resistance (Ra, Rb, Rc).
• If we find the resistance among points a and b then we have.

(Rab) = (Ra+Rb)

• As both of these circuitries are equivalent so the value of resistance is measured among points a and b.

(Ra+Rb)=[(R1). (R2+R3)]/(R1+R2+R3)----(x)

• So the resistance values will also same in the among points b and c.

(Rb + Rc)=[(R2). (R3+R1)]/(R1+R2+R3)---(y)

• And the value of resistance among the c and a will also same.

(Rc + Ra)=[(R3) x (R1+R2)]/(R1+R2+R3)---(z)

• If we add expressions  (x),(y),(z) then we have.

(2)(R1+R2+R3)= 2[(R1.R2)+(R2.R3)+(R3.R1)]

(R1+R2+R3) =[(R1.R2)+(R2.R3)+(R3.R1)]/[(R1+R2+R3)]----(d)

• If we subtract the equation (x),(y), (z) from equation (d) then we have.

Ra =(R3.R1)/(R1+R2+R3)---(e)

Rb =(R1.R2)/(R1+R2+R3)---(f)

Rc=(R2.R3)/(R1+R2+R3)--(g)

• The expression of the Y-? transformation can be defined as.
• From equations e,f,g we can conclude that the resistance in star configuration is equivalent to the multiple of the 2 resistors joined with the identical point divided by the sum of all resistors in the ? circuitry.
• If in the delta circuitry the values of all resistors are identical then the correspondent resistance value (r) in the star circuit will be.

r = (R.R)/(R+R+R)

r= R/3

Advantage of Star Delta Conversion

• These are some advantages of this transformation which are described here.
  • Star transformation is well suitable for transport voltages to long distances and it also has a neutral point that can be used to the unbalanced transient current of the circuitry to the ground.
  • Delta transformation can transport balance three-phase voltage(V) without any neutral (n) wire which marks ? best for Transmission network.

It was a detailed article on Star Delta transformation if you have any questions about it ask in the comments. Take care until the next tutorial.

What is Bypass Diode

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is Bypass Diode. Bypass diode is used in photovoltaic modules. The main purpose of the diode in photovoltaic modules is to reduce the hot-spot (It is a heating phenomena that occurs when the photovoltaic cells are joined in a sequence and due to reverse current lot of power loss occur in the PV module) fact that is harmful to the photovoltaic cells and it can burn the cell if the light coming on the surface of the module is not distributed uniformly. For removal of the hot-spots, bypass diodes are connected with the substring of the photovoltaic devices the single bypass diode is connected twenty photovoltaic cells. Due to such arrangements, photovoltaic modules gives good efficiency during its operating life. In today's post, we will have a look at working, features, applications and circuits of bypass diodes. So let's get started with what is Bypass Diode.

What is Bypass Diode

• Bypass Diodes are connected in photovoltaic arrangements for the protection of such cells that are completely under the solar light and working properly from such cells that are not working or not in the solar light.
• Soler cells are the cheapest way to produce electricity from the sunlight. We can change the location of the solar panels according to our requirements.
• The solar cells are available in numerous power rating, from some mW to thousands mW.
• A solar cell is a photodiode that transformed the sunlight into the electricity. The photovoltaic panel produces electricity when the photocells are connected in a sequence.

• Usually, it is acknowledged that all the cells in the solar panel are producing equal power.
• But there are some conditions that affect the power production of the cell, like environment temperature, humidity in the air location of the panel.
• The principal fact of the power failure of the solar cell is the shading, that reduced the quantity of the light coming to the light. Shading can be due to some tree, wall of the house, or any other building.
• If the shading remains on some cells of the panel there will be less power generation through this panel, to eradicate the effect of the cells that have shading bypass diodes are used in the solar panel.

Features of the Bypass Diode

• These are the main features of the bypass diode.
  • The value of the reverse biasing voltage for this diode is thirty volts.
  • The forward biased functioning current of the diode is fifteen amperes.
  • Minimum forward biased voltage for this diodes is twenty-six milli-volts at eight amperes.
  • The operating temperature for this diode is minus forty to one twenty-five celsius.

Photovoltaic Solar Cell Construction

• In the given diagram, the complete circuit of the solar panel with the bypass diode is constructed, let's discuss it with the detailed.
• The current that we get from the solar panel is the direct current similar to the output power of the battery.
• When the output terminals of the solar cell are open than the voltage at these points will be 0.5 to 0.6 volts.
• The value of the terminals voltage of the solar cells relies on the load attached to the cell.

• For instance, when there is no sunlight due to the clouds the current required by the load will be lighter and the voltage at the ends will be rated value of the cell.
• But if we do increment in load on the terminals of the cells so there is need of the sunlight to maintain the output voltage of the load connected.
• So there is a boundary under that the one solar cell can provide extreme power, it doesn't matter either sunlight is exits or not.
• This amount of the current is recognised as the extreme deliverable current of the cell and denoted as I_MAX.
• The value of the maximum current relies on the area of the cell, angle with the sun, the effectiveness of the cell, and the substances used to assemble the solar cell.
• During the combination of the bypass diode with the photocell,  you should keep in mind the value of the I_MAX.

Diodes in Photovoltaic Arrays

• A diode is a device that used to transforms alternating current in the direct current.
• Unidirectional working feature of the diode can be used in different circuitries to stop the unnecessary movement of the current.
• When the diodes are used in the solar cells that are known as the blocking diodes.
• In solar panel bypass diodes are joined with the one or more than one cells in parallel combination.
• These diodes help to stop unnecessary current movements towards such diodes that are not working properly, or under shading. In this way, we get the desired output current from the solar panel.
• The connection of the bypass diodes is in parallel with the cell to stop current about it while blocking diode is attached series for the reverse movement of the current towards the cell.
• Both bypass and the blocking diode are different categories of the diodes, as they do different work.

Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Arrays

• As we discussed that the diode is a uni-direction component. In the given figure there are 2 coloured diodes are connected with the solar panel array.
• Green colour diodes are the bypass diode that is attached with the solar cell in parallel combination for less resistance path.
• The other 2 red diodes are blocking diodes that are linked with every branch of the circuitry in series.
• Both bypass and blocking diodes are similar in physical structure but according to their use, they are different.
• Blocking diodes also recognized as the isolation diode because they provide blocking for the current to flow toward any cell instead of going towards the output load.
• This series diodes help to avoid other parallel cell's current to flow adjacent cell and it also stops the current of the storing batteries to the cell in case of the night when there is zero production of the current at the cell.

Applications of Bypass Diode

• These are the applications of the bypass diode.
  • It used in solar panels.
  • It used in power optimization process and used as a microinverter.

It is the detailed article on the bypass diode I mentioned each and everything related to bypass diode in this post if you have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

What is the Current Source

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is the Current Source. In an electrical system, there are two main sources first one is a voltage source and the other one is the current source. There are further two types of current sources real and ideal current source. The current produced by the ideal current source has the same value irrespective the variation in the circuitry voltage. As the current of the ideal source does not depend on any parameter of circuitry like the voltage, resistance, so it also called independent source. The current source is the correspondent of the voltage source. In today's post, we will have a look at its working, types, circuits, ideal sources and some other related factors. So let's get started with the what is the current source.

What is the Current Source

• The Current Source is an active component of the circuitry that provides the constant current in a circuit irrespective of the variation in the voltage of the circuitry.
• From the definition of the current source, we can conclude that it is the ideal source. But, in real-world, there are no ideal sources exits.
• For example, it can explain that if we connect an ideal source with open circuitry it will not work.

• There are two main factors that described the working of the practical current source. First is its inner resistance and other is compliance voltage.
• The maximum voltage that the current source can deliver to the load is called compliance voltage.
• During the variation in the load the current source work like ideal source, provides the unlimited resistance but, when the voltage value at the output reaches to compliance voltage, then it starts to behave like a real source and provides the limited value of resistance.

Ideal Current Source

• The current source that has unlimited resistance and delivers the same value of the current to load.
• Similar to the voltage source the ideal current sources has two types of dependent and independent current sources.
• The independent sources are such devices that used to resolve such circuitries that have active components like transistors, diodes, etc.
• The simple example of the current source is the resistance that is connected with the voltage source to produce a small value of the current from a few mA to hundred ampers.

Connections of the Current Source

• The current sources can be joined with one another to increment and decrement in the value of the current.
• There are two methods by that they are connected with each other according to the circuitry demand. First one is a series and the other is parallel.
• Let's discuss these two connections methods one by one.

Current Source in Parallel

• You can see in the given diagram that the 2 current sources are connected parallel. Parallel connected current sources behave like a single source and its output is the sum of the currents of 2 sources.

• In given circuitry, there are 2 five ampers current sources are connected in parallel the output current will be the sum of these two sources current that is ten amperes.
• The sources that have different values can also connect parallel, like if we connect 10-amper and 8-ampere sources in parallel there output will be 18 amperes.

Parallel Opposing Current Sources

• Now we study what will be the effect if we connect the source in the opposite direction.
• In given circuitry two 10 amperes current sources are connected in parallel. The method to get the output of such circuitry is to subtract the value of the 2 current sources, in the given diagram the first circuitry will have zero current.
• In 2nd circuitry there is two parallel-connected circuitry that has 10 amperes and 5-ampere current value, their output will be 5 amperes.

Current Sources in Series

• Now we discuss the behaviour of the series-connected current sources.
• It is not good to connect current sources in a series.
• The reason is that the series-connected sources output current do not follow the addition and subtraction rule.
• In given circuitry, there are 2 ten amperes current source are connected in series their output can not be 20 amperes in series combination.

Practical Current Source

• As we have discussed above that the ideal current source provides the constant current irrespective of the variation in the output load. Due to this fact it also is known as the independent source.
• So we can say that the ideal current source has unlimited value of the resistance.

• Theoretically, an ideal source is exiting but practically the current source have larger value resistance but not infinity like the ideal source.
• The practical current sink can be constructed like an ideal source if it is linked with the inner resistance in parallel.
• In given circuitry, the resistance (R1) produce the same effect that the resistance connected in parallel with ideal source do.
• As these two circuitries are equivalent so the voltage drop value will also similar.
• You can see from the diagram that circuitry of the real source looks like an equivalent circuitry of the Norton, Norton says that any circuitry can be substituted with such circuitry that has one resistance and parallel source with it.
• If the value of the resistance (R1) is higher or unlimited then practical source looks like an ideal source.

Comparison between Current and Voltage Sources

Voltage Source

• Mostly electric power source like battery and electric supply in our homes are known as the voltage source.
• All of these sources deliver the same value of the voltage, as the current passing through the circuitry within limits.
• In case of open circuitry, ideal source delivers 0 power but when it is short-circuited it has unlimited power.
• An ideal source has 0 value of resistance when it connected in series circuitry.
• The practical source has some value of resistance but not zero, almost less than one O.
• Try to avoid the use of the ideal sink in the short-circuited arrangments, and not connect it with such source whose voltage value is not similar to the ideal source.

 Current Source

• Current source delivers the same value of the current, till that point the resistance of the load is very less.
• In the case of the short-circuited conditions, the ideal current delivers 0 power but in case of the open circuitry, it gives the unlimited value of power and voltage.
•  Contrary to the ideal sink the practical current sink has the higher but the limited value of the resistance.
• Like voltage source try to avoid the use of the ideal current sink in open-circuited arrangements and with a source that does not have similar current to the ideal source. But sometimes such arrangments used for complementary metal oxides semiconductor circuitries.

It is the detailed article on the current source, I have each and everything related to the current source. If you have any question about voltage source ask in comments. Thanks for reading take care till the next tutorial.    

What is the Voltage Source

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is the Voltage Source. The source is a device that transformed thermal energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy or any type of energy in the electrical form of energy. We can say that the source is such an instrument manufactured for generating electrical power. The voltage source has 2 endpoints by which it connects in the circuitry, the ideal voltage source gives the constant value of the voltage in a circuitry irrespective of the variation in the resistance of the output. While non-ideal voltage source cannot provide the same voltage to the circuitry during load variation. The voltage source is the correspondent of the current source. This eclectic source ( voltage source) can be classified as the direct current or alternating current sources, the source which provides the constant value of voltage is called dc and other is called alternating source in this source polarity of voltage changes after some interval of time like sine waveform. The battery is the example of the direct current (DC) source and the power supplies in our homes is known (AC) sources. In today's post, we will have a look at its circuit, types, use and working. So, let's get started with what is the voltage source.

What is the Voltage Source

• The voltage source is an instrument which delivers the constant value of voltage in a circuitry irrespective of the variation in the resistance offered by the load.
• Such voltage source is also named as an ideal voltage source. In real-world such voltage source can be created, by assigning the 0 inner resistance and it can deliver constant voltage.

• The graphical representation of the ideal source is drawn in the figure. You can see that it is the straight line at any point of the time axis.
• If there is some quantity of internal resistance is exiting in the source then it is named as a real voltage source.
• As there is inner resistance is present in the source this causes to loss of voltage in the circuitry according to the value of this resistance in the circuitry.
• The graphical representation of the practical voltage source is drawn in the given diagram.

Types of Voltage Source

• There are the two main types of the voltage source first one is dependent source and other is the independent.
• The dependent voltage source has further two types.
  • Voltage control voltage source
  • current control  current source
• Independent source also has two catagories.
  • DC Voltage source
  • AC voltage source
• Now discuss all these categories one by one

Independent Voltage Source

• This voltage source provides the constant value of the voltage, its voltage value does not depend on the other parameters of circuitry like resistance, or capacitance of the circuitry.

 DC Voltage Source

• This voltage source provides the constant voltage at the output is called a dc source.
• In this source, the electrons move in the same direction, so its polarity will not vary.
• The output voltage of this source will remain the same, it will not vary with the time.
• The examples of the dc voltage sources are the direct current generator, battery, or cell.

Alternating Voltage Source

• Such voltage source generates the AC current as output is known as the alternating source.
• In this source the polarity of voltage changes after a specific interval of time.
• Due to the variation in the voltage for after some time current also changes its direction.
• Examples of such sources are Ac generators or direct current to alternating current converter
• The given diagram shows the circuit of the alternating voltage source.

Dependent Voltage Sources

• The output of the source does not remain constant but continuously vary is called a dependent voltage source.
• Its output voltage varies according to the changing in the other parameters of circuitry like current, resistance.
• If the voltage of the source depends on the voltages of other components of the circuitry then it called voltage-controlled voltage source.
• If the value of the voltages of the voltage source depends on the current of the other components then it known as the current-controlled voltage source.
• The given diagram shows all these voltage sources.

Comparison Between Voltage Source and Current Source

Voltage source

• Mostly sources of electrical power like battery are known as a voltage source.
• In case of open circuitry, the ideal source delivers no power, in case of short circuitry it gives infinite power.
• This ideal device has the 0-ohm internal resistance but the practical source has less value of inner resistance but not zero.

Current Source

• The current source delivers the non-variable current when the connected load has less value of resistance.
• In the case of the short circuitry, the ideal source delivers the no power, but in case of open circuit, its power value becomes infinity.
• The ideal source has infinite resistance value and the practical source has high but in some limit value of the resistance.

Ideal Voltage Source

• The source which has no interior resistor (R) is named as an ideal source.
• It incomes that there is no voltage drop in the source, due to this we get the same voltage at output points which were produced by the source.
• Each practical (applied) voltage source like the battery has some value of resistor which causes to drop of voltage.
• To understand the practical difference among the ideal and practical source we discuss an example.
• In case of ideal source, if we have five volts battery, it will give five volts at output points as it has no internal resistance.
• But in case of practical voltage source, we do not get five volts at terminals due to some loss of voltage at interior resistance ®.

It is the detailed article about the voltage source if you have any question about it ask in comments. Thanks for reading. Take care until the next tutorial.  

What is Magnetic Hysteresis

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will discuss What is Magnetic Hysteresis. Hysteresis occurs in different substances due to the 2 different factors first one is magnetization of the material and second is the variation in the quantity of the magnetic domains of the material (it is the part of any magnetic substance where the magnetization is uniform). All magnet do not show the same magnetizing property throughout its structure, but it varied continuously. In small size magnets, magnetization is same in the complete structure. While in the large size magnet the magnetization is not similar throughout the complete structure, due to different magnetization they are distributed into the different areas that are known as the domains. In these domains the magnetization is alike but there is an area among the domains where the domains are not aligned in a similar fashion. In today's post, we will have a look at the fact of these domains in the magnetic substance and how they produce the hysteresis in materials. So let's get started with What is Magnetic Hysteresis.

What is Magnetic Hysteresis

• When the exterior magnetic field is provided to the ferromagnetic substance like iron, the dipoles of different iron's atom arrange themselves with the direction of the applied magnetic field this fact is known as magnetic hysteresis.

• When we eliminate the field around the iron material it still shows magnetic properties due to the alignments of the domains of the iron.
• To extract the residual magnetic properties, there is a need of some heat or magnetic field is provided with different polarity.
• The graphical representation among the magnetic field intensity H and magnetization M of the ferromagnetic material is shown in a given figure.
• You can see from the figure that the magnetization of the material increases first then it get saturated and there is no further increase in with the field intensity increment.
• When we demagnetize the magnetic element its magnetization curve does not follow the field intensity H, but it has some value when the external field is zero.
• This feature of the material to have some amount of the magnetization is known as the remanence.
• The curve constituted by association of the magnetization M and field intensity H is recognized as the hysteresis loop. The area of the loop depends on the magnetization material in case of the iron it will be larger.
• If you see the given curve you will observe that it is not linear but there are a lot of turns in the curve that called Barkhausen jumps (it is a line to which the curve meets).

Magnetization and Field Intensity Curve

• In the given diagram, the magnetization and field intensity curve of the steel and iron is drawn.
• We can observe from the figure that the magnetization of the materials increases with the increment of the field intensity after some time the increment in the flux density decreases while still, the intensity of the field is increasing.

• It is because all domains of the materials have become aligned with the external field, so there is no further increase in the magnetization of the substance this point at the curve is known as the saturation region.

Retentivity

• For the explanation, suppose that we have a wire of the iron and it is connected with the battery and all the domains are aligned with the external field and the conductor is fully magnetized.
• Now if we remove the external power source from the conductor, then the iron should be totally demagnetized, but it did not happen.
• It is due to some residual magnetization of the material, this property of any material to have some magnetization when it is not connected with the battery is known as the retentivity.
• The reason for this is that some domains of the wire are still magnetized instead of the removal of the battery from the terminals of the conductive wire.
• The amount of retentivity is different for the different materials like steel gets demagnetized very soon but in the case of iron, its value is higher.
• To magnetize any material we need to provide the magnetic field intensity with the opposite polarity.
• The force provided by the opposite polarity magnetic field is known as the coercive force.

Soft Magnetic Material

• When we removed the external field from any conductor then it still has some magnetization properties the value of the magnetization is different for different materials. To demagnetize the substance we provide the external field with opposite polarity.
• The amount of the force need to demagnetize is known as the hysteresis loos.
• The value of this energy is different for different materials like in steel its value is less so it called soft magnetic materials.
• The curve for these materials has less area.

Hard Magnetic Materials

• There is another type of materials that required a large amount of the energy for demagnetization and have larger area are known as the hard magnetic materials.
• The coercive force of these materials is larger than the soft magnetic material.

• The energy required for the demagnetization of these materials is larger than the soft materials.
• The curve for these materials is shown in the given figure.

Applications of the Magnetic Hysteresis

• These are some applications of the magnetic hysteresis
• Mostly motor driver circuits are constructed by the hard magnetic materials.
• Speakes, tape recorders are made by such materials that have higher magnetic properties.
• Our personals computers are also used for magnetic substances.
• Different electronic instruments like energy meter, sensing devices also used hard magnetic materials.
• In medical devices like MRI also used hard magnetic substances.
• Soft magnetic material is used in the transformer core because they can easily magnetize and demagnetized.

It is the detailed article on the magnetic hysteresis I have explained each and everything related to magnetic hysteresis if you have any question ask in comments. Thanks for reading. Take care until the next tutorial.  

Transistor as a Switch

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at Transistor as a Switch. The transistor is a 3 pin semiconductor module used for different amplifier and switching circuits. It was created by William Shockley (who was a physicist of United States of America) in 1947. It also used in different engineering projects and circuitry. Depending on doping level transistors are classified into 2 types first one NPN and the second one is PNP transistor. Most transistors are constructed from silicon and germanium but other semiconductor materials are also used for construction of transistors. In today's post, we will discuss how we can use a transistor as a switch and also see its practical working in different circuits. So let's get started with Transistor as a Switch.

Transistor as a Switch

•  For understanding the working of a transistor as switch we use bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and will construct its current versus voltage curve.
• There are 3 regions in which transistor operates the first one is active, second one is saturation and third one is cut-off region.
•  In the first region that is active regions, transistor operates as an amplifier.
• But in other 2 regions that are saturation region in which transistor is in on state and cut-off region in which transistor is off, work as a switch.
• Now we discuss these three regions one by one with detailed.

Transistor Operation Region

• In the given figure the current and voltage characteristics curve is shown.

• In this curve you can see that the portion at the below of curve has pink colour is denoted as Cut-off portion and blue colour portion is known as saturation portion of the transistor.

Let's discuss these two regions of transistors with detailed. Transistor Cut-off Region 

• In this operation region of a transistor the value of current at base is zero (IB=0) so the value of current at collector will also 0.
• The value of voltage across the collecter and emitter terminals (VCE) is higher that cause to make larger depletion layer in the transistor and zero current flows through the component.
• So the transistor is completely off meant it is an open cirucit.

Transistor Saturation Region

• In this portion, the transistor will have such biasing that the amount of current at base terminal is maximum that causes to flow extreme current through the collector.
• The value of the voltage at collector and emitter terminals will be zero so there will be no depletion layer and a large amount of current will passes through the transistor and it behaves like a closed switch.
• In a simple way, we can define saturation region as it will occur when the current flows through the collector are extreme and the voltage across base terminals is 0.7 volts it is for NPN transistor.

• In the case of PNP, the emitter should be connected with a positive terminal of battery.

Working of Transistor as Switch

• For a practical understanding of transistor as a switch we discuss a circuit that is shown in a given figure.

• In this circuit, NPN transistor is used as a switch its collector and emitter is points are working as terminals of switch.
• A circuit that consists of the bulb as load is connected with the collector and emitter terminals of transistor.
• The base and emitter of transistor working as a controller that decides open and closed condition of switch.
•  For closed the switch the battery is connected between base and emitter terminals.

• This source provides large amount of base current due to that collector current flows in the collector and emitter circuitry.
• The value of collector current will be larger if the resistance between collector and emitter is almost zero.
• In the above figure, you can see that emitter is at ground potential so we can also suppose that collector is also zero potential. So, in this case, resultant circuit can be constructed as.

• You can see that terminal of switch that are collector and emitter are closed and bulb is illuminating as a large collector current flowing through it.
• To open the terminals of switch we remove the current passing through the base.
• As Ic=ßIb so due to zero value of base current the collector current also zero and it behave like an open switch.

Applications of Transistor as a Switch

• The structure of a transistor is such that collector current will not flow until there is no source of current at base.
• Due to this feature, it mostly used in different electronics circuitry as a switch.
• So we discuss such circuits that used transistor as a switch, for an explanation of such circuits we use NPN transistor.

Light-Operated Switch

• In given below circuit transistor is used as switch for on and off bulb. In this circuitry there is LDR, bulb and voltage divider circuitry is formed.
• This circuitry is operated in light and in dark it does not work.
• When photons of light collide with light-dependent resistance it starts to operate and current flows through base than collector that glows the bulb.

Heat-Operated Switch

• In given below the transistor is used in heat operated switch the main element of this circuitry is a thermistor.
• A thermistor is a type of resistance that operates with the variation of temperature.
• There is an increment in its resistance with the decrement in temperature and with the increment of temperature resistance decreases.
• So in this circuitry when temperature increases the resistance of thermistor decreases so base current starts to flow that causes the movement of current through the circuit.
• Then at output alarm starts to operate after receiving a signal from the transistor.

That is a detailed article on transistor as a switch if you have any question about it ask in comments. Thanks for reading.

HC-05 Bluetooth Module Pinout, Datasheet, Features & Applications

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. Today, we will discuss HC-05 Bluetooth Module in detail. We will also study HC-05 Pinout, Datasheet, Features & Projects. HC05 is a Bluetooth module, that works on Serial Protocol ( RX/TX ) for sending and receiving data. We have also designed Bluetooth Library for Proteus, which will help you in simulating this Bluetooth Module in Proteus software.

HC05 Bluetooth Module consists of CSR Bluecore 04 outer single-chip Bluetooth system having CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology. This module also fulfils the Bluetooth V2.0+EDR technology. So let's get started with Introduction to HC-05.

Where To Buy?
No.	Components	Distributor	Link To Buy
1	HC-05	Amazon	Buy Now

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• HC-05 Bluetooth Module is a low-cost, easy-to-operate & small-sized module used for wireless communication in the Bluetooth spectrum.
• It supports Serial Port Protocol (SPP), which helps in sending/receiving data to/from a microcontroller (i.e. Arduino UNO).
• Its default baud rate is 9600 for data communication and 38400 for command mode communication.
• HC05 can operate in master/slave mode and thus multiple slave nodes can be controlled using a single master node (called mesh networking).
• HC-05 supports "AT commands", controlled by TX (transmission) and RX (receiver) pinouts.
• You should also have a look at Arduino Bluetooth Communication using HC05.

HC-05 Pinout

• HC-05 Pinouts are used for powering up the module and sending/receiving data via Serial Port.
• So, let's have a look at HC-05 Pinout, shown in below table:

HC-05 Pinout
Pin#	Pin Name	Working
Pin#1	Enable Pin	The purpose of this pinout is to set data value at a high and low level.
Pin#2	Vcc	At this pinout, the input supply is provided to the module. Its operating voltage is plus five volts.
Pin#3	GND	Ground (0V)
Pin#4	TX	Serial Transmitting Pin.
Pin#5	RX	Serial Receiving Pin
Pin#6	State	This Pin is connected to an LED, shows the operating state of the HC-05 Bluetooth module.

• Here's the image, where I have labelled HC-05 Pinout:

• In the above figure, I have labelled 7. LED, which tells about different states of Bluetooth module:
  • If it's blinking once in two seconds, it has received a command.
  • If it's blinking continuously, means the module is waiting for input data.
  • If it's blinking twice in one second, means it's connected properly.

HC-05 Datasheet

• You can download the HC-05 datasheet by clicking the below button:

HC-05 Features

• HC05 follows the "Bluetooth V2.0+EDR" protocol (EDR stands for Enhanced Data Rate).
• Its operating frequency is 2.4 GHz ISM Band.
• HC05 uses CSR Bluecore 04-External single-chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology.
• This module follows the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.1 standard protocol.
• Dimensions of HC-05 are 12.7mmx27mm.
• Its operating voltage is 5V.
• It sends and receives data by UART, which is also used for setting the baud rate.
• it has -80dBm sensitivity.
• This module also uses (FHSS), a technique by which a radio signal is sent at different frequency levels.
• This module has the ability to work as a master/slave mode.
• This module can be easily connected with a laptop or mobile phone via Bluetooth.

HC-05 Working

• HC-05 is normally used in embedded projects, where data needs to be transmitted wirelessly over a small distance.
• We can transmit data between two HC-05 modules and can also send data from HC-05 to any Bluetooth appliance i.e. mobile phone, laptop etc.
• In order to do so, first of all, we need to power up our HC-05 module, as shown in below figure:

• As we push the button connected to Key Pin, it will get LOW & HC-05 will start blinking.
• Now, if you check on your mobile phone or laptop, you will be able to find a new Bluetooth device named HC-05.
• Once you connected with this device, you will be able to send and receive data in a serial stream manner.
• This stream is then processed by a microcontroller (i.e. Arduino UNO) attached with HC-05.
• However, do not expect this module to transfer multimedia like photos or songs; you might have to look into the CSR8645 module for that.

HC-05 Arduino Interfacing

• HC-05 has 2 working modes:
  • Data Mode: HC05 sends and receives data via Bluetooth spectrum and then further processes it to Serial Pins.
  • Command Mode: HC-05 waits for AT (ATtention) commands, acts accordingly & then sends the response in return.
• This module uses SPP (Serial Port Protocol) for the transmission of data so it can be easily interfaced with any microcontroller.
•  For HC-05 Arduino Interfacing:
  • 5V to Vcc Pin.
  • 0V to GND Pin.
  • RX (receiver) pin of HC-05 with the TX (transmitter) pin of UNO.
  • TX pin of the HC-05 with the RX pin of UNO.

HC-05 Applications

Now, let's have a look at HC-05 Applications, it can be used in various ways, here I have mentioned few of them:

• HC-05 Bluetooth Module is normally used for wireless data transmission among multiple microcontrollers.
• It can also be used to communicate between electronic devices like mobile, laptop, computers for data transmission.
• It also used in different information and data logging applications.
• It's used in robotics for wireless control.
• It's used in autonomous projects for collecting data.

So, that was all about the HC05 Bluetooth Module. I have tried my best to explain everything related to this module but if you have any question, ask in the comments. Thanks for reading. Have a good day. :)

Does Https Impact SEO? | Importance Of SSL In SEO

Hello friends, welcome back to our website.  I am sure you all will be doing great. Today, I am going to TALK about the importance of SSL in SEO or Does https impact SEO and how helpful they are for you? And most importantly what are they? Need for protection is getting high day by day whether it is about our home security, or on phones apps and same goes for website security.  A secure website can save you from cybercrime and hacking. Therefore, to know about SSL and SSL website is essential for your own safety. There is a bonus for you in the end because I am going to tell you about an amazing tool that will make your life easier. It is an SEO tool that will help you in analysing your website or any of your competitor website. 

What is SSL Certificate And Should You Implement It

• In short, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a security measure for a website. They are basically installed on the webserver in the form of small data files. It makes sure to build a secure connection for your website from a web server to the browser. 
• SSL is encrypted technology and the actual purpose of it is to make the website secure when it is passing through the internet from one computer to another computer.

• It will help you in protecting all kinds of your data from your credit cards to email addresses or any other information related to your website.
• SSL certificate is also known as Digital Certificate. A Certificate Authority has issued it to make the purchaser identity authentic.   
• Certificate Authority: CA is a trusted third party that generates and issues the SSL certificate for websites.
• It does not only help you in securing your data but let the user know that their data is safe from hackers and confidential.

You should definitely implement the SSL certificate on your website. However, you should know about the type of SSL certificate before you implement it. So keep reading on.

Types of SSL Certificate and Which one You should Choose for Your Site

Three types of SSL certificate are available.

1. Extended Validation (EV SSL)
2. Organization Validated (OV SSL)
3. Domain Validated (DV SSL)

All three certificates have the same encryption level. The only difference between these three certificates is the process of review and verification processes needed to obtain the certificate. The look of the every SSL certificate in the browser bar is also changing.          #1 Extended Validation SSL Certificate EV SSL certificate is the most expensive and secure, because of human involvement. The level of verification for this certificate is most strict from all other levels. The CA (Certificate Authority) is in charge to check the right of the applicant. They also ensure that if the organization is aware of the SSL certificate request and then approved it with a few weeks after all vetting. These steps of the verification process required before issuing a certificate:

• Ensure the physical location, legal and operation existence of the applicant
• Verify that the identity of the applicant matches the official records
• Ensure that the applicants have rights to use the domain

Every web browser shows an SSL certificate with different interfaces like green font or green bar. Although Chrome has changed the view recently. It is best for eCommerce websites. Indicate: It displays the company name in a green bar and displays the secure padlock. Chrome Firefox     #2  Organization Validated (OV SSL) It is less expensive as compared to an EV SSL certificate. The main purpose of organization validated SSL certificate is to encrypt the user sensitive information during a transaction. OV SSL certificate also has a high guarantee similar to the extended validation SSL certificate. It is best for business and non-profit websites. In this process, CA investigates the organization for validation but not very deeply. Contact the organization to check its authenticity. It will take a few days in the whole process. The expense of organization validation (OV SSL) certificate is more than a domain validation certificate. Indicate: Display the secure padlock and in the display company name will be indicated for indication. Chrome Firefox #3 Domain Validation Certificate  It is one of the cheap validation certificates. Most of the website holder use this certificate when their budget is low.

• Domain validation certificate comes at the lowest level of validation certificate.
• There is not any strict verification involve in this certificate.
• CA just check that the organization has control over the domain.
• This verification process is usually done via email.
• There is not require any copy work to submit to the company. T
• he time requires for this certificate is only a few hours.
• There is no human involvement involved in the validation process.

It is the most inexpensive type of certificate. This certificate is recommended to use when security involvement is not a concern. It is best for social website and blogs. Indicate: Its display the secure padlock Chrome Firefox And if the website will be not secure their indication could be like this.  

What is HTTPS 

You have surely seen this HTTP (http://) or HTTPS (https://) in every URL.  If you are interested in learning about internet security then you should definitely read this till the end.  Https (Hypertext Transport Protocol Secure, or Security) is a version of the standard web transfer protocol (HTTP). Http add a layer of security of data in traffic through (SSL) a secure socket layer or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols. TLS is the new version of SSL. Https basically shows that the website is secure.   Https is a protocol that secures communication between browser and web server.  A hacker can easily hack the communication between browser and web server when it will be on an Http website. Because communication is in hypertext format.  Hence when it would be over https website then communication would be saved because it is in an encrypted format.

• Htpps stop hacker from reading and modifying the data.
• Hacker is not able to use encrypted data
• Https ensures cyber safety
• Htpps also help with SEO

 IS SSL Certificates Important for your Website?

Yes! It is important for your website or any website too.  You might be probably thinking that it is not necessary for you because your website does not need any credit cards requirements or any sensitive information. Although it is crucial to secure your personal information, it has become important for each website to secure their website using SSL.  If your website will be secure then the user will trust your website too because SSL is the symbol of trust for your users. As we all know cybersecurity crimes are arisen in past years and the new user is aware of this fact too.   In case your website has not SSL certificate yet then make sure to get it.  Well, now all the search engines like Google, Yahoo and Bing have started using the presence of SSL certificate as a ranking factor. This clarifies that it will leave an impact on your website SEO too. 

How Https/SSL Impact SEO

There is both a direct and indirect impact on SEO of SSL certificate.  Google search engine has announced in 2014 that there will be a slight boost impact on their ranking because of an SSL certificate.  This is a direct impact on SEO because of a secure website.  In 2015 Google declares that if there will be tie break between two websites. For example, two websites are equal in competing but one website is https secure and the other is not then google will rank https website ahead than others. There are different indirect impact too. As for example the bonus rate (the % of people come to your website and leave it immediately) has an impact on your website overall ranking.  If a user comes at your website and notices that there is no secure flag or https then he/she can leave right away. Because they will not feel secure to trust your website.  In brief, if your bonus rate will be high then it will leave a negative impact on your website and your website ranking will go down.  Users will be stick to your website for a long period of time if they will feel secure. 

How to Check the SSL Certificate 

It is not difficult at all, as I mentioned at the beginning that I am going to tell you about a tool that will help you analyse your website free. Go on this link and submit your website.  As you can see in the image below that you have to enter your website in the given box and press submit button. when you will submit the URL then a new page will pop up with this type of image. The green tick shows that it is a secure website. As you can see in the below image. It is really a simple and helpful tool that will help you in your blog ranking and analysing it. You can check up on your competitors too and what they are up to. In my future articles, I am going to discuss in detail about this tool that how amazing it is and how it could make your life easier. You don't have to go on a different website to check on various things. This one tool will give an answer to all of the questions related to SEO.

Conclusion

In this modern digital era, cybersecurity is so important. Everything is available on the internet to buy from households things to industries machinery. So it is good to verify that you are using an authentic website. Unsecure website will pop up with "not secure" warning icon. Make sure to buy something from the https website that has an SSL certificate. There are three types of SSL, but you have to choose what is best for you and as I mention above that what certificate is better for your website. SSL certificate gives safety and confidence to website visitors.  Your consumer will trust your website over your competitors if their website is not secure. Keep visiting our website for more beneficial content.

How to Improve Alexa Ranking | What is Alexa Rank

Hello folks, how are you guys doing? I hope everything will be great on your side. In today's tutorial, I am going to talk “What is Alexa rank, how to improve Alexa ranking and what is Alexa global rank?  To make your website rank higher in  Alexa rank you should definitely know the answer to this question and it will also improve your search engine ranking too.  Everyone is in the race to rank their website on top in the google search result and make their Alexa rank improve, you will probably come across different methods and techniques to climb over.  To be on the top of the Alexa rank with organic SEO is tough but not impossible. I will assist you in discovering what is Alexa, how to improve your Alexa rank, how to check your website Alexa ranking globally and internationally through a free analytic tool.

What is Alexa?

Alexa is a tool of Amazon and it helps you to find website ranking or popularity. Alexa does not have any link with the Google search engine. They provide the result on the base of their own algorithm and combined data over the past three months.  Alexa does a global ranking by using web traffic data and make a list of websites. In this global ranking, the lower your Alexa rank is the more popular your website is.  For example (Google global ranking in Alexa is 1). Its means that this website has most visitors on the internet past three months.  Alexa tells the rank of the website internationally and with a country too. Look in the image below

Country Rank or International Rank

  Alexa provides the rank of your country too. The lower your rank is, the more popular your website would be.  As you have seen in the image that googles Alexa traffic rank is 1. It is the top.  You want to increase the traffic of your website then you have to know the global and national rank of your website. In case, it is higher than you need to work on it to lower it. Does your Alexa Rank is not as efficient as it should be?  There is nothing to worry, I will help you in improving your Alexa Rank.  The guide for improving Alexa Ranking is below. 

How to Improve Your Alexa Rank Quickly

The very important part to increase Alexa ranking is by installing the Alexa toolbar on your browser. Meaning, whenever you or visitors visit a website then website ranking will automatically boost up. So it is important to have installed an Alexa toolbar. Here is the ultimate direction for you. #1 Write Unique and Eye-Catching Content  To improve your website Alexa rank you have to write quality content for your website. You might have read many times that Content is king and this is a fact and there is no doubt in this statement. So try to write as unique as you can write. Write traffic-driving content for your website then there is nothing that can stop your website from improving Alexa rank. Unique website content will improve your search engine ranking and boost search engine ranking will improve your Alexa rank. #2 Find Keywords that drive traffic to your website It is important to work with the relevant keywords that drive traffic to your website. Try to find all those keywords that are driving traffic for your competitors. By doing a little research you can find what your competitors are up to and what your audience is searching.  Your website quality content can’t reach the relevant audience until you don’t know what your consumers are searching.  So it is important to use keyword research tools to find out the right driving traffic keywords.  Use Keyword Planner - Google Ads to find keywords. It is a free tool.  #3 Follow SEO best Practice on your website  In this age improving your website without SEO is not possible. SEO will help you in improving your website search engine ranking and make it better for your customers. There are different strategies you have to practice to make your website visible in the search engine and improve the Alexa ranking. Keep in mind all these points:

• Blog/website Submissions

There is a different platform for submitting websites. Search engines and directories are major forums. After submitting your website, it will index your website in a journal and will bring movement on your site. Your Alexa ranking will be enhanced after the movement on your website.

• Share your content on Social Network Sites

Social networking media sites can improve your Alexa ranking drastically. All the sites will notify the existence of the website. So you should definitely do this to make your website ranking improve.

• Post Article

 It is important to post traffic-generating content daily to improve your website visibility. Website improvement in search engine ranking will certainly improve your Alexa rank.

• Quality Backlinks

Backlinks are so important for a website and all the SEO experts always highlight the importance of quality backlink. Quality backlinks help search engine to identify the authority and quality of your website. 

• Increase Web Traffic

Increasing your traffic is not an easy task. It takes time to make your post on top of the search engine. Have patient and do your best and then wait for a miracle to happen. Create content that people want to read and daily  Consequently, your website Alexa ranking will improve within weeks after following these SEO practices. #4 Install Alexa Toolbar As I have pointed out before that installed the Alexa toolbar on your web browser. It leaves a big impact on improving the Alexa ranking and all your visit on your website will boost your rank.  I am telling you all from my own experience, so don’t take it lightly and download it instantly.  Note: Download Alexa toolbar in all of your computer/laptop web browsers and set your website as a default website in all of them.  #5 Figure Out your Competitors Marketing Strategy There could be many reasons follow Alexa ranking of your site. That's why I recommend you to discover your errors and mistakes by analysing your competitor's website THROUGH Alexa siteinfo.  Perform a Comparison of websites and find out what you were missing.  It will allow you to identify what marketing strategies are not working for you and what trends are important. Then work on it after analysing and it will definitely leave a positive effect on your Alexa ranking.

Does Alex Rank have any Value in SEO?

    Yes! As I told before, Alexa does work as one of SEO audit tool.  if you will follow Alexa improving strategy then your website SEO will certainly boost.  Goole does rank the websites with little different strategies. Check below How does Google Rank Websites The reason behind the google on the 1st in the global ranking is that its search results are most relevant and useful. There are millions of users who use this website daily and trust the website content.  The determination of the global ranking depends on the different (200+)  factors that how it is most useful and relevant to the users.  No one is actually aware of the fact that what google search engine algorithm (mathematical process) use to rank a website. They never tell anybody.  Although all the SEO and online marketing experts who are working on SEO for many years are coming to a conclusion and agree on a few terms. 

Main Factors To Rank A Website On Top In Search Engine  

 

• Keyword usage
• Domain Factor
• Website Structure
• Time Spent on Website
• Website Speed
• Mobile usability
• Number of quality links
• Number of inbounds links
• User Interaction
• On-site web spam factor
• Off-site web spam factor

Keep in mind one thing that all the algorithm is designed by humans but the ranking of the website entirely determined algorithm. There is no human involvement involved in determining any website.   If any of the websites is on top again some keyword then it is based on algorithm result. Google Search engine is continuously changing, updating and reviewing its search result. If some website is top on today, it is a possibility that could go down next week if there would be a better website with great content.  

How to Get a Free Alexa Ranking Analysis

 To get a free Alexa analysis of your website or your client website is not difficult anymore. Click here. You can easily now find the global ranking through Alexa.  As you can see, a screen will be pop up after clicking. Now there is an option for submitting a website. Enter your website URL.  After entering a website a new dialogue box will show and now you can see the global ranking with the country ranking too.  Do you want to look in more detail? Feel free to explore more thing on this tool. You will find it more useful and it will help you grow your knowledge. HENCE, You all now aware of the importance of Alexa. SEO is continuously evolving and developing and it is vital to keep a tab on Alexa tool too. To make your ranking better. If you want to be on the top of google search ranking then you have to keep an eye on Google updates. And check frequently Alexa ranking of your website to know about the progress of your website. Keeping an eye on updates can make you stick in this battle and help you in always on top. If you want to stay updated then keep visiting our site for more insightful knowledge.

What is DA (Domain Authority) & PA (Page Authority) and Role of Moz Rank in SEO

Hello everyone, welcome back to our website and I hope you are getting along with your life pretty well. I always try to discuss the latest tools of SEO that help you in growing your business and set you on top of the search engine. Today I am going to talk about a new topic that is “What is DA And PA & Role of Moz Rank in SEO”.

Moz Rank is an SEO tool that measures your website links popularity score. But most of the marketers are using it to track the search engine result page (SERP) ranking of different website pages and the whole website.

Keep in mind that Moz rank metrics have not any link with Google Search Engine but these are MOZ metrics.

DA and PA are two terms used by Moz to give the score of your website and all the other pages of the website. You can examine the Domain Authority (DA) and Page Authority (PA) of your website and compare it to your competitors and build SEO strategies to compete with your opponents.

DA is GLOBAL, one domain on the whole internet but PA is LOCAL to your individual site.

So let's jump into it and discover in further detail about it.

What is Domain Authority (DA)

DA is a parameter of Moz, that helps you to predict the search ranking score of your website. That score will analyse how well a website will rank on the search engine result pages (SERPs).

Check the Technical Definition of DA on MOZ website

Domain Authority is based on data from our Link Explorer web index and uses dozens of factors in its calculations. The actual Domain Authority calculation itself uses a machine learning model to predictively find a "best fit" algorithm that most closely correlates our link data with rankings across thousands of actual search results that we use as standards to scale against.

The range of domain authority score is one to 100. The higher score DA website would have high chances to rank quickly. So keep an eye on your website and check it daily to know about the score of your website.

There are different factors included to calculate the DA:

• Linking Root domains.
• Number of total links.
• Ranking Strength.

Moz has recently updated their way of calculating metrics and Moz DA 2.0 update is quite amazing as compared to the old version. People are going crazy over it because now it is more reliable with much better indication. It is helping people in many ways for their business growth.

What Is A Good Domain Authority (DA)

There are sites that are leading on the online web for ages, because of a large number of high-quality external link and their quality content. Their DA is high, like Google and Wikipedia.

But the small business website has low DA because of few inbound and external links. When a new brand starts a website they always have to start with a 1 DA score.

For this reason, New websites take time to reach 70 to 80 DA scores. You should first perform a website audit of your competitors' sites.

Hence, MOZ is a comparative tool there is no good and bad Domain Authority.

So, DA (Domain Authority) just predicts the rank ability of your website. You should not make this only goal to just increasing in your DA score. There are many other factors that you should keep in mind too. Keep track of your competitors metrics and do a comparison between them. AND make an aim to compete your competitor's DA score.

What is Page Authority (PA)

• PA is another parameter of Moz. It predicts how specific your page will rank on search engine rank pages (SERPs).
• The score of PA is from one to 100. If your PA score will be higher then it will be easy to rank.
• There are dozens of factor that take care of this process and measure the strength of each page.

How is Page Authority (PA) scored

100 points of the algorithm scale used to calculate the score of PA. There are hundreds of cases and reports out there that shows that it is easy to increase score from 30 to 40 than it is to increase from 70 to 80.

Where you can find DA and PA?

You can find DA and PA on MozBar website and through our online SEO tool. Moz has incorporated with tons of SEO online tool, they are providing you DA and PA on their sites.

How to use these metrics in SEO?

Two things you need to consider are:

• Examine whether google is ranking links and pages

First and formest you need to figure out the content in that page. Especially, the length of your webpage and compare it with your own website. Then check out the DA of it. Most of the time the top result contain high DA of (60-70) or +. This would suggest that you have to need dozens of quality links to be at the top of the chart. Otherwise, there would be chances that top pages have a little DA score and just because of a good article. Currently, this is common now.

• Look at the individual pages and rank them according to PA

For the individual pages of your website, you can track them by their PA score or by individual page. Sometimes a page is working well but there PA is down. So don’t bother about this much and add some quality links to push your page up the top. Focus on good internal links that can boost your page and provide value to the readers.

IS MozRanks Important for your SEO?

Yes! It is important for your SEO to know about the DA and PA of your website. But there is another side of the story that don’t make it your only priority. There are other important things that you have to keep in mind while doing the SEO of your website. Basically, all of these ranking tools are coming into existence to replicate the search engine ranking algorithm. Companies like Moz, Majestic, Ashref’s and SEMRUSH have invested significantly to bring us an accurate result. They all are working hard in calculating the back of data and providing insight into how well your website might rank against your competitor. MozRank is the most used tool on the web and therefore I am going you to introduce a free tool that will provide you with a DA and PA of your website free with many other SEO tools too. MozRank can help you with the following:

• Ideal for finding your competitors
• Finding out who links to your competitors
• Perfect SEO guide

What Moz DA measure?

• Moz is well known for measuring links.
• Moz does measure inbound links of your website that are coming from other sites to your specific pages.
• Inbounds links to any of your subdomain
• Measure the unique domain and total numbers of links pointing at your website
• Moz takes all of the data from their own link to explore the tool

How to Check your MozRank

There is nothing hard you have to do to check the DA and PA of any website. The first step is to go on Seo Analytic tool. You can use it to access the Alexa ranking, MozRank, webpage size and many more.

This tool will give you a quick glance of your website in just a single click. This is a free tool and will give you tons of information about your website is doing. A major part of this tool is to help you in achieving better positions in search engines.

• This is an overview of the tool.

• Now you have to enter your website in the given box. As you can see in the image with the help of an arrow.

• Click on the Analyze website to get the result.

• This is how your result will be displayed.

Advantage of using:

 

• Reliable indicator
• Aware of the fact that how well you will perform against your competitors
• You can find about the web position in any search engine

In addition, the social network also influences the DA and PA of your website. You should definitely check the social network links too. Keeping track of their values are worth considering.   Companies like Moz and all the other online SEO companies have invested heavily to build the trusted platform for website holders and marketers, where they can analyse their websites. They are trying to mimic the Google search engine to bring the insight of how well your website ranks against a competitor. Moreover, It is clear that all MozRank can help you in growing your business. But keep in mind that doesn’t make it just your only measurement. Use all other strategies to make your website visitors increase. Combined it with other tools like Alexa Rank and others to research your competitors SEO and marketing strategies. Let me know what SEO tools do you use except MozRank for your website and which one is your favourite. Or is there any tool you want me to discuss. I really love to hear from you. Comment below and share your experiences.