The prototyping trap is familiar: an engineer glues together an elegant control system on an Arduino or ESP32, it behaves perfectly on the bench — and then fails on the factory floor. This article explains the practical thresholds where microcontroller-based solutions stop being appropriate and why a programmable logic controller (PLC) becomes the correct engineering choice.
<img src="https://images.theengineeringprojects.com/image/main/2025/12/image1.jpg" alt="From MCU to PLC, When to Upgrade Industrial Control Systems" class="alignCenter" width="600" height="190"
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