A lot of engineering students know this feeling. The code uploads without any error, the laptop says everything is fine, and then the actual project does almost nothing. The motor does not spin. The sensor value jumps around. The board resets for no clear reason.
That is usually when the real lesson starts. Good engineering is not only about writing code. It is also important to know what the circuit is doing when the code reaches the board.
Code Can Look Right While the Hardware Fails
Most small engineering projects need code now. Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, and STM32 boards all depend on it. But the code is only one part of the project. Once it reaches the board, the wiring, power, and parts all have a say too.
A student may spend an hour ...
