Hello friends! Today we will study multilevel inverters, starting with the switching waveform and then looking at the circuits that produce it. An inverter converts electrical power from a DC source into an AC output. Its switches determine the instantaneous voltage, while the modulation, load and filter determine how closely the useful output follows the required sine wave. In our earlier tutorials on pure sine wave inverter design and modified sine wave inverters , the main question was how to generate the alternating waveform. Here we will introduce intermediate voltage steps and examine what they change. More steps can improve waveform quality, but they also introduce more devices, measurements and control decisions. We will compare cascaded H-bridge, diode-clamped and flying-capacitor ...