Project Files of Wind Turbine Generator Library for Proteus V1.0 (Arduino + 12V)

WIND TURBINE GENERATOR LIBRARY FOR PROTEUS - V1.0 (a 12 V DC mini wind turbine: a
0.5 m 3-blade rotor on a permanent-magnet DC generator)
Designed by The Engineering Projects
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

IMPORTANT LINKS
Article (read it first - pictures, step by step, every feature explained):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/11/wind-turbine-generator-library-for-proteus-v1-0.html
Report a bug or suggest a feature (our forum):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/forum/category/motor-driver-proteus-library
The demo runs on our Arduino UNO V4.0 (included) - working LEDs, RESET and a
built-in serial monitor - its own article:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/arduino-uno-library-for-proteus-v40.html
The demo switches its load with our Relay Module - a SEPARATE library, not in
this package: download and install it first - its own article:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/relay-module-library-for-proteus-v1-0.html
Support us (the libraries are free):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/donate

FILE STRUCTURE
Wind-Turbine-Generator-TEP-v1.0/
|-- Proteus Library Files/
|   |-- ArduinoV4TEP.LIB                              201.9 KB   TEP Arduino boards V4.0 (UNO) -> LIBRARY
|   |-- TEPWIND.LIB                                    26.7 KB   the library -> LIBRARY folder
|-- Proteus Model Files/
|   |-- TEPARDUINO.DLL                                883.5 KB   the Arduino board model -> MODELS folder
|   |-- TEPWIND.DLL                                   295.5 KB   the model -> MODELS folder
|-- Proteus Simulation/
|   |-- TEPARDUINO.DLL                                883.5 KB   copy of the board model
|   |-- TEPWIND.DLL                                   295.5 KB   copy of the model
|   |-- Wind_Demo.hex                                  16.6 KB   the demo firmware
|   |-- Wind-Turbine-Relay-ArduinoUnoV4.pdsprj         24.3 KB   the demo project
|-- Arduino Code/
|   |-- Wind_Demo/Wind_Demo.ino                         3.7 KB   the demo sketch (source of the .hex)
|-- README.txt                                        ~17.0 KB   this file
Total: 2.59 MB (unzipped). The C++ source code of the models is not included.

WHAT IS IT?
A simulation model of the small DC wind turbines of hobby, school and off-grid
projects: three blades on a hub, a permanent-magnet DC generator in the nacelle
and two wires down the tower. The wind turns the rotor, the rotor turns the
generator, and the generator gives a DC voltage that rises with the speed.
Our own model:
  * The generator between + and - is in the circuit: its EMF, 0.10 V per rad/s
    of the rotor (10.5 V per 1000 RPM), behind its winding's 1.5 ohm (25 C,
    it warms) and 3 mH. Its current brakes the rotor (0.10 N.m per A).
  * The rotor: 0.5 m across, a power coefficient Cp of 0.25 at a tip speed
    ratio of 4 (the blade tips at 4 times the wind speed), nothing at
    standstill and nothing again at 8 (the runaway); a starting torque, the
    cogging and the bearings (it cuts in at about 2.5 m/s), its inertia.
  * The wind: the WIND property (m/s, or DEMO: a 90 s profile - calm, 3, 7,
    10, 13, 7, 3 m/s and calm again) with GUSTS (a % of the wind), and the
    pop-up's chips during the run (Calm, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 m/s, Gusts, Demo).
  * At 10 m/s it gives about 24 W into 10 ohm (15.6 V, 1.56 A, 1711 RPM);
    with no load it runs up to about 2950 RPM and 31 V; at 13 m/s with no
    load it runs away past 3000 RPM (40 V) - OVERSPEED; too heavy a load in a
    light wind holds it far below its best tip speed ratio - STALLED.
  * The watch: the wind's changes, SPINNING (it cut in), STOPPED, LOAD ON /
    LOAD OFF, the settled OUTPUT (or FREE, or COASTING) a few seconds after
    each change, and the warnings: OVERSPEED, STALLED, OVER-CURRENT (above
    3 A), a hot generator.
The symbol shows the turbine from upwind: a sky panel with grass, the tapered
white tower on its concrete pad, the grey nacelle behind the white spinner, the
three white blades, wind streaks, and the red + and black - cables from the
pins along the ground to the junction box at the tower's foot. At Run the
blades turn (above 60 RPM they blur, as the eye sees them). The plate, the OUT
LED (green while the generator gives more than 1 V), the rating line and the
strip under the plate (WIND, RPM, POWER, OPEN PANEL) are TEP additions; the
real turbine has none of them.

ONE DEVICE (search "wind" in Pick Devices):
  WINDTURBINETEP    "Wind Turbine Generator V1.0"   (category Electromechanical >
                    Motors), model TEPWIND.DLL
  The pop-up panel "TEP Wind Turbine" opens at Run (and with OPEN PANEL on the
  strip) - the look of the TEP Serial Monitor. Tabs Turbine, Graphs, Event log
  and Check; gear and ? icons for Settings and Help; the palette icon switches
  the theme:
    Turbine    the wind chips (Calm, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 m/s, Gusts, Demo wind);
               the state in big letters (GENERATING - 24.3 W AT 15.6 V, 1.56
               A; SPINNING FREE; OVERSPEED; STALLED; BECALMED); the rotor; the
               live values (wind, RPM, tip speed ratio, Cp, voltage, current,
               power out, the generator); the power curve at the present
               wind: the rotor's power and the load's against the speed, the
               best point marked, the dot = now.
    Graphs     the wind, the rotor's speed (with the 3000 RPM limit) and the
               power into the load over the last 10, 30 or 60 s. Live / Freeze.
    Event log  the wind ("WIND 7.0 m/s (the demo profile)"), SPINNING,
               STOPPED, LOAD ON, LOAD OFF, OUTPUT ("OUTPUT - 8.6 W at 9.3 V
               and 0.93 A (7.2 m/s, 1016 RPM, tip speed ratio 3.7, Cp 0.25)"),
               FREE, COASTING, the warnings; filters All / Power / Warnings,
               Pause, Clear
    Check      Good for: a turbine that will not start, gives too little, runs
               away or gets hot - the wind, the rotor, the load (the tip speed
               ratio), the output, the current, the generator, with tips
    Settings   theme, text size, open at Run, window size
    Help       report a bug, suggest a feature, article, updates, donate,
               forum; Copy diagnostics for a bug report

TEST STATUS
V1.0: verified in Proteus 8.5 on 29 Oct 2026 (the demo project as shipped: an
A3 sheet, an Arduino UNO V4.0 with its built-in monitor, our 1-channel relay
module - its pop-up version, from its own library - the turbine with
WIND=DEMO, the 10 ohm load R1 and RV1; all pop-ups open). What the run showed:
  * The project loads and starts cleanly; calm, then 3 m/s: "SPINNING - the
    rotor cut in at 2.5 m/s", "FREE - 3.4 V open circuit at 321 RPM (2.8
    m/s, tip speed ratio 3.0): no load".
  * 7 m/s: the sketch switches the load on above 12 V - "LOAD ON - 1.04 A at
    10.5 V: 10.9 W", then "OUTPUT - 7.5 W at 8.7 V and 0.87 A (7.1 m/s, 955
    RPM, tip speed ratio 3.5, Cp 0.25)"; the OUT LED lit, the rotor blurred.
  * 10 m/s: "OUTPUT - 17.8 W at 13.3 V and 1.33 A (9.5 m/s, 1465 RPM, tip
    speed ratio 4.0, Cp 0.25)"; 21 W at 14.7 V and 1.46 A ten seconds later.
  * 13 m/s and "load off": "OVERSPEED - 3211 RPM with no load in 13.1 m/s:
    keep a turbine loaded (or braked) in a strong wind" - 3459 RPM and 36.2 V
    a second later (3599 RPM at the most); "auto" put the load back at 37.7 V
    ("LOAD ON - 3.20 A at 32.1 V: 102.9 W") and the rotor slowed: "OUTPUT -
    59.2 W at 24.4 V and 2.43 A (13.6 m/s, 2677 RPM, tip speed ratio 5.2, Cp
    0.23)".
  * 7 m/s again: "OUTPUT - 15.8 W at 12.6 V and 1.25 A (8.0 m/s, 1382 RPM,
    tip speed ratio 4.5, Cp 0.25)"; 3 m/s: the sketch drops the load below
    4 V ("Load OFF - 3.9 V: too little wind"), "LOAD OFF - open circuit at
    4.5 V: the rotor speeds up".
  * 0.311 Wh in 79 s, 63.7 W at the most, the generator at 26 C; the relay
    module's own pop-up: K1 ON, 920 mA through NO.
  Plus automatic checks on a PC, 0 failed: 10 on the turbine (it cuts in
  between 2.3 and 2.8 m/s; free at 7 m/s: 21 V, 2014 RPM; into 10 ohm: 2.7 W
  at 5 m/s, 8.2 W at 7, 24.3 W at 10 (15.6 V, 1.56 A, 1711 RPM), 51 W at 13
  m/s under the limits; 13 m/s with no load: 3882 RPM and OVERSPEED; 3.3 m/s
  with 10 ohm: STALLED; a short at 10 m/s brakes it; the 90 s demo profile
  with the sketch's switching; every event text fits); 2 on the pop-up pages
  rendered; the demo project read back from disk (69 checks: devices, pins,
  wires, labels, no wire through a part, no crossing).

INSTALLATION (about 2 minutes)
1. Close Proteus. Extract the WHOLE ZIP to a normal folder (e.g. Desktop).
2. Copy everything in "Proteus Library Files" (TEPWIND.LIB and our Arduino
   library V4.0, ArduinoV4TEP.LIB) to the LIBRARY folder of Proteus, for
   example:
     C:\Program Files (x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY
   (on some PCs: C:\ProgramData\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\
   LIBRARY - use the folder that already holds Proteus's own .LIB files).
3. Copy TEPWIND.DLL and TEPARDUINO.DLL from "Proteus Model Files" to the MODELS
   folder (...\Proteus 8 Professional\MODELS). The demo's relay module is NOT
   in this package: install our Relay Module library the same way (its own
   ZIP - see IMPORTANT LINKS): TEPRELAY.LIB and TEPRELAY.DLL.
4. Delete TEPWIND.IDX from the LIBRARY folder if it is there.
5. Start Proteus. In Pick Devices (P) search "wind".

RUN THE DEMO
"Proteus Simulation\Wind-Turbine-Relay-ArduinoUnoV4.pdsprj" - keep the .hex
file and the DLLs beside the project (with the Relay Module library installed).
  ARD1: Arduino UNO V4.0 running Wind_Demo.hex, its serial monitor built in
        (window "TEP Arduino UNO - ARD1").
  RLY1: our 1-channel relay module (pop-up version, a separate library): IN on
        D7, VCC, GND; COM on the turbine's + (label WT+), NO on the load
        (label LOAD).
  WT1:  the turbine (WIND=DEMO, GUSTS=10): + on WT+, - to ground.
  R1:   the 10 ohm load, from LOAD to ground.
  RV1:  10k pot at 10 %, from WT+ to ground: a 10 : 1 divider into A0.
  1. Press Run. The monitor and the two pop-ups open (move them aside). The
     demo wind starts calm, then 3, 7, 10, 13, 7 and 3 m/s.
  2. Type in the monitor and press Send: load off, auto, load on, status.
  3. On the turbine's pop-up: set your own wind with the chips.
  4. Double-click WT1: WIND (m/s or DEMO), GUSTS (%).

WIRING (the same idea on a real turbine)
  Turbine         Arduino UNO / load
   +              a 10 : 1 divider (e.g. 90k + 10k) to A0; the relay's COM
   -              GND
  Relay module    IN on D7 (active LOW), VCC 5 V, GND; NO to the load
In the sketch (no library needed): read the voltage, switch the load:
  float v = analogRead(A0) * 5.0 / 1023.0 * 10.0;   // the 10 : 1 divider
  if (v > 12.0) digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW);           // the load ON
  else if (v < 4.0) digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH);      // the load OFF
REAL HARDWARE:
 * A turbine's voltage swings from 0 to well over 30 V with no load: never
   wire it straight to a pin - a divider, and a Zener or a clamp on A0.
 * Never leave a turbine unloaded in a strong wind: it runs away. Real
   controllers keep a dump load connected (or short the generator through a
   brake resistor) when the battery is full.
 * The best load changes with the wind: a fixed resistor matches one wind
   speed only - MPPT charge controllers follow the best point.
 * Charging a battery: a blocking diode (a Schottky) so the battery does not
   drive the generator as a motor when the wind drops, and a fuse.

THE DEMO SKETCH ON THE SERIAL MONITOR (Wind_Demo V1.0, 9600 baud)
  load on    the load on (held)            load off   the load off (held)
  auto       the 12 V / 4 V switching      status     the readings now
  help       the list
  Every 3 s: the voltage, the load and its current and power, or (no load)
  the rotor's speed from the voltage.
EXPECTED MONITOR OUTPUT
  Wind Turbine demo - The Engineering Projects
  RV1 on A0: a 10 : 1 divider. The relay on D7 switches the 10 ohm load: ON above 12 V, OFF below 4 V.
  Commands: load on | load off | auto | status | help
  0.0 V  load off  (about 0 RPM)

PROPERTIES (double-click the part > Edit Properties)
  WIND       the wind in m/s (0 - 25), or DEMO for the 90 s demo profile;
             default 6
  GUSTS      the gusts, in % of the wind (0 - 50; 0 = steady); default 10
Every run starts again from the properties.

TROUBLESHOOTING
* The rotor stands still: the wind is under about 2.5 m/s (BECALMED) - more
  wind on the pop-up's chips, or WIND above 3.
* It spins but gives nothing: no load on + / - (SPINNING FREE).
* OVERSPEED: no load (or too light a load) in a strong wind - connect the
  load.
* STALLED: the load is too heavy for this wind - a lighter load (a bigger
  resistor), or let the sketch drop it below 4 V.
* The part is not simulated: TEPWIND.DLL is missing from MODELS and from the
  project folder. No relay: install our Relay Module library (TEPRELAY.LIB /
  .DLL). No UNO / no monitor window: TEPARDUINO.DLL, or click the UNO's USB
  port.
* The pop-up does not appear: click OPEN PANEL on the strip, or turn "Open the
  panel at Run" on its Settings page back on.

BUG REPORTS AND FEATURE REQUESTS
Please post them in our forum with a screenshot, the Serial Monitor text, the
simulation log and the pop-up's Copy diagnostics text:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/forum/category/motor-driver-proteus-library

SUPPORT US
This library is free. If it saves you time, please support our work:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/donate

LICENCES AND THIRD-PARTY NOTES
* The turbine model (TEPWIND.DLL), the symbol and artwork and the Arduino
  Library V4.0 (ArduinoV4TEP.LIB / TEPARDUINO.DLL) are made by The Engineering
  Projects. The model is an independent implementation written from the
  typical data of small DC wind turbines. The models use only standard
  Windows libraries; no Visual C++ redistributable is needed.
  The C++ source code is not included. The demo's relay module, our Relay
  Module library (TEPRELAY.LIB / TEPRELAY.DLL), is a separate download.
* The demo's .hex is built from the demo sketch and the Arduino AVR core 1.8.6,
  which includes LGPL-licensed code; its source code is available at
  https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr/tree/1.8.6
* Proteus is a product of Labcenter Electronics and is not included. Arduino is
  a trademark of Arduino SA. This library is not made or endorsed by any wind
  turbine maker, Arduino or Labcenter.

REBUILDING THE FIRMWARE (OPTIONAL)
The HEX file is supplied; Arduino IDE is not needed to run the demo. To edit
the sketch, open Arduino Code\Wind_Demo\Wind_Demo.ino, select Arduino Uno and
use Sketch > Export Compiled Binary. The sketch needs 6,024 bytes of flash
(18 % of the UNO) and 281 bytes of RAM.

MODEL SCOPE AND LIMITS
Modelled: the generator (its EMF from the rotor's speed, the winding's
resistance with its temperature and its inductance, its braking torque), the
rotor (a Cp curve against the tip speed ratio, the starting torque, the
cogging, the bearings, the inertia), the wind with its gusts, the generator's
heating, the watch's states and warnings.
How it runs: the generator is in the circuit as a backward-Euler companion over
the analog step (a conductance and a source out of +); the rotor and the heat
run in sub-steps of at most 1 ms between the analog points, which are held to
1 ms while it turns or gives current (5 ms at rest).
Not modelled: the yaw (the tail turning it into the wind), furling, the blade
pitch, the tower's shadow, the sound, a 3-phase alternator with a rectifier
(the bigger turbines), a battery charger.

VERSION
TEP Wind Turbine Generator library V1.0 (Oct 2026). Device WINDTURBINETEP
(TEPWIND.LIB / TEPWIND.DLL). Demo sketch Wind_Demo V1.0. Demo relay:
RELAY1ADVTEP (TEP Relay Module library V1.0, a separate library). Demo board:
ARDUINO UNO V4.0 (TEP Arduino Library V4.0) with its built-in serial monitor.