PWM stands for Pulse-Width Modulation. Once the switching frequency (fsw) has been chosen, the ratio between the switch-on time (TON) and the switch-off time (TOFF) is varied. This is commonly called duty-cycle (D). The duty cycle can be between 0 and 1 and is generally expressed as a percentage (%).
D = TON / (TON + TOFF) = TON x fsw
The variation of the pulse width, made at a high frequency (kHz), is perceived as continuous and can be translated into a variation of the rotation speed of a motor, dimming a LED, driving an encoder, driving power conversion, and etc. The use of PWM is also widely used in the automotive sector in electronic control units (ECU - Electronic Control Unit) to manage the energy to be supplied to some actuators, both fix ...
Cryptocurrency trading is a popular way to get started with cryptocurrency. It's also a great way to multiply your funds if you're an experienced trader. In this post, we'll give you the basics of how cryptocurrency exchanges work and help you choose an exchange.
What is Cryptocurrency Trading?
Cryptocurrency trading is the process of buying and selling cryptocurrency on an exchange. Cryptocurrencies are digital assets that can be exchanged for other cryptocurrencies, for example, you can exchange eth for sol
, or for fiat currency (US dollars).
You can use a cryptocurrency exchange to trade your coins, or you can buy them directly from another person. Some exchanges offer both options: they allow users who want to trade coins with one another and also serve as platforms where people ...
An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) converts a continuous signal (usually a voltage) into a series of discrete values ??(sequences of bits). The main features are:
Resolution (in analog terms): It is the minimum variation of the analog input voltage that can determine the variation of the LSB, that is of the least significant bit of the output code. Since the quantization step Q corresponds to the LSB, it can be said that the resolution coincides with the quantization step Q (and therefore is measured in Volts). We can say that the quantization step Q corresponds to the LSB because two contiguous quantization bands, each of amplitude Q, are identified by codes that differ only for the least significant bit.
Resolution (in digital terms): It is the number n of bits present at the co ...
Hello! I hope you are doing great. Today, we will talk about another modern neural network named gated recurrent units. It is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture but is designed to deal with some limitations of the architecture so it is a better version of these. We know that modern neural networks are designed to deal with the current applications of real life; therefore, understanding these networks has a great scope. There is a relationship between gated recurrent units and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which has also been discussed before in this series. Hence, I highly recommend you read these two articles so you may have a quick understanding of the concepts.
In this article, we will discuss the basic introduction of gated recurrent units. It is better ...
Introduction
Greetings, and welcome to the next section of our Raspberry Pi 4 tutorials. In the last section, we discovered how to set up and run our self-host bitwarden on our Raspberry Pi. We learned how to set up admin panels and perform a wide range of actions, such as limiting the creation of new accounts and users for security purposes. However, in this guide, we will discover how to configure a PS3 or PS4 joystick with our raspberry pi and set up and run Xbox cloud gaming on our Pi 4.
Components
Raspberry pi 4
SD card
Power supply
Ethernet cable or wifi
Xbox controller
Xbox game pass ultimate subscription
USB keyboard
USB mouse
HDMI cable
Through a service called Xbox Cloud Gaming, users may play a wide variety of games witho ...
Welcome to the next tutorial of our Raspberry Pi programming course. Our previous tutorial taught us to set up a webserver in raspberry pi. We also looked at configuring addclient and deploying apps to our repositories. This tutorial will teach us to set up a free media server on Raspberry Pi.
Using a Raspberry Pi as a multimedia server requires:
An operating system and miniDLNA program installed on your Raspberry Pi,
You can attach various cleanly formatted and fragmented hard disks to your Raspberry Pi for storing and streaming media files.
A basic understanding of how to use a computer, Client-server architecture skills, familiarity with Unix terminal and Secure shell, and a passion for computing and the media are a must!
Even if you ...
Hi readers! I hope you are doing great. We are learning about modern neural networks in deep learning, and in the previous lecture, we saw the capsule neural networks that work with the help of a group of neurons in the form of capsules. Today we will discuss the graph neural network in detail.
Graph neural networks are one of the most basic and trending networks, and a lot of research has been done on them. As a result, there are multiple types of GNNs, and the architecture of these networks is a little bit more complex than the other networks. We will start the discussion with the introduction of GNN.
Introduction to Graph Neural Networks
The work on graphical neural networks started in the 2000s when researchers explored graph-based semi-supervised learning in the neural network. The ...
Hello pupils! Welcome to the following lecture on deep learning. As we move forward, we are learning about many of the latest and trendiest tools and techniques, and this course is becoming more interesting. In the previous lecture, you saw some important frameworks in deep learning, and this time, I am here to introduce you to some fantastic algorithms of deep learning that are not only important to understand before going into the practical implementation of the deep learning frameworks but are also interesting to understand the applications of deep learning and related fields. So, get ready to learn the magical algorithms that are making deep learning so effective and cool. Yet before going into details, let me discuss the questions for which we are trying to find answers.
How does dee ...
Data science is a rapidly growing field that is revolutionizing the way businesses and organizations operate. With the explosion of data in recent years, there is a high demand for professionals who can analyze, interpret, and make decisions based on large amounts of complex data. Pursuing a degree in data science can provide you with a variety of benefits, including high-demand job opportunities, diverse skill sets, strong problem-solving skills, interdisciplinary learning, and the ability to innovate. Some of the key benefits are explained below.
High Demand
Obtaining a degree in data science is a smart career move, especially considering the high demand for qualified professionals in this rapidly growing industry. One of the most significant b ...
A Digital to Analog Converter(DAC) performs the task of converting digital words of n bits into voltages whose amplitude will be proportional to the value of the code expressed by the words themselves. Since the input binary words represent a succession of finite codes, the voltage coming out of a DAC cannot be continuous over time but is made up of as many levels as the converted codes are. This means that the devices to which the analog signal produced by a DAC is sent must filter it with a low-pass characteristic (integrating action). The operating criterion of a DAC is simple: in fact, it is sufficient to have a succession of as many voltages as there are convertible codes, obtained for example by means of a weighted resistance network (i.e. t ...
