Believing in the essence of timers in ladder logic programming, we come today with a new tutorial in which we are going to show you all about timers, the types of timers, what’s inside timers’ block of parameters, variables, and bits. In addition, techniques for using timers will be explored, and for sure, we are going to practice what we learn using the simulator. So let’s get started with our tutorial.
Timers in ladder logic programming
Guys, this is not the first time we’ve talked about timers. However, this time we are going to look into timers deeply and use the glasses of practical approach. So figure 1 shows the most important types of timers in ladder logic from left to right: the on-delay, off-delay, and retentive timers. There are differences in functionality. However, they all ...
Hello Friends. I hope you are doing great. Here I am with another exciting topic of fluid mechanics, i.e. flow over bodies. In this article, I will explain the flow of fluids, the flow rate, their nature, the flow in pipes and much more. Fluid mechanics is all related to the fluid and its nature. I will discuss the forces that are on the body that is immersed in a fluid and the flow that is over the body. As the title shows, the main emphasis will be on the lift and drag forces. Moreover, the external and the internal flow will also be discussed in this article. And I am sure that you will enjoy reading this article. So without wasting any time, let us start.
I will start with an introduction to fluid flows.
Introduction
In this article, our focus will be the fluid flow over the bodies ...
I still remember the first time I had to choose between a strain gauge and a torque sensor. It was a cramped motor lab. Old bench. Coffee gone cold. The project manager wanted answers by Friday. On paper the choice looked simple. In the real world it never is. Every project has its own personality. Speed. Budget. Accuracy. Abuse level. And usually a deadline that doesn’t care about any of that.
If you have spent time around test stands and factory motors you know this dilemma well. Torque measurement sounds straightforward until you actually have to do it. That is when questions start piling up. How accurate do we really need to be. Will this thing survive vibration. Can we install it without tearing the whole setup apart. And the big one. Will it still read the same after six months of h ...
Hi, my friends and welcome back. I am happy to meet you again with a new tutorial of our PLC ladder logic programming series tutorials. Today we will complete what we started the last tutorial on the Elevator control project. We have a bunch of duties to complete together today. So let’s save time and jump into work immediately.
Project description:
Figure one shows the details that might help me describe the project between our hands. We have an elevator car that travels up and down and can stop on one of four floors based on the passengers’ requests. We have 6 push buttons on the wall next to the elevator door that can send requests to call the elevator. In addition, there is a control panel inside the elevator cabinet in which there are push buttons to request stations to reach floors ...
Hi Everyone! How are you doing, my friends? Today I bring a crucial topic for PLC programmers, technicians and engineers. We have been working together for a long time using ladder logic programming. We have completed together dozens of projects from real life and industry. One day I was thinking about what we have done in this series of ladder logic programming, and I came across that I missed talking about one essential topic ever. You know what? It’s the PLC troubleshooting and online debugging! After writing a ladder logic program for the project, you can imagine it should operate from the download moment 24/7. As usual, any system goes faulty one day. So we need to go through this matter, showing you how to find our PLC faults, troubleshoot, and go online with the PLC to figure out th ...
By using CNC-machined parts for your next engineering project, you can ensure precision, quality, and speed. So, let us take a look at three options for creating custom parts.
What Is CNC Machining?
Before we look at the three options available to you, it is worth briefly explaining what CNC machining is. CNC machining is short for Computer Numerical Control. It is a modern manufacturing method that involves the use of computer-controlled machinery to make custom parts.
The process begins with creating a CAD design
of the part you want to make. The design is then translated into g-code
and fed into the item of CNC machinery.
The machine then simply gets to work at creating your design with the utmost precision and consistency. The types of CNC machines
range widely – from mil ...
The article will cover essential aspects of fluid statics and pressure forces applied to the fluid. The article will start with the absolute pressure gauge and the variation of pressure with depth in different gravitational field manometers and barometers, respectively. Then I will explain the forces that deal with fluids, such as hydrostatic force, buoyant force, etc. So, dear friends, without wasting any time, let’s start.
Pressure
The definition of pressure according to fluid mechanics is as follows:
Pressure is the normal force applied by a fluid per unit area.
Unit of Pressure
The units of pressure Pascal is too small to deal with in practical cases. For instance,
Kilopascal: 1kPa=103Pa
Mega Pascal: 1MPa=106Pa
The three common pressure units used are standard atmosphere ba ...
The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the Conservation of energy Principle. I will explain what is energy principle is and the following are some important points of the Energy Principle:
The energy principle can be described as the following equation:
Ein-Eout=∆E
I will exemplify the energy equation through a simple example. For instance, the rock fell from the cliff and while falling from the cliff the rock gained speed and the speed doubled while coming down. The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the rock is falling from height. Here the air resistance is negligible here. All these factors confirm the conservation of energy principle.
One of the simple examples of the Conservation of Energy Principle in our daily life is the man who has a lot of ...
Every industrial facility that runs pumps eventually faces the same problem: mechanical seals fail. The question is not whether to deal with seal failures, but how much they are costing you — in downtime, in maintenance labor, in compliance risk, and in the consequences of fluid reaching places it should not.
The core question, then, is not whether magnetic drive pumps are good — they are, in the right context. The question is whether your specific application is one where their advantages matter enough to justify the switch.
What’s Actually Being Solved in Mechanical Seal Failure
Mechanical seal failure is one of the most consistently expensive maintenance problems in process engineering. Industry estimates put rotating equipment seal failure ...
3D printing is one of the most promising technologies in recent breakthroughs. One of the most inherent benefits of 3D printing is additive innovation; it opens up an entirely new way of creating products and provides numerous benefits over traditional fabrication techniques.
Nowadays, more businesses across many industrial sectors adopt 3D printing as a viable alternative to subtractive manufacturing (acquiring machined parts online) and injection molding. We'll look at the benefits of 3D printing and how you can use this production method to benefit your company. Is it worthwhile to use 3D printing for your project?
Affordability
One of the best aspects of 3d printing is the reduced labor costs. Operating costs heavily influence the quantity of ...
