PWM stands for Pulse-Width Modulation. Once the switching frequency (fsw) has been chosen, the ratio between the switch-on time (TON) and the switch-off time (TOFF) is varied. This is commonly called duty-cycle (D). The duty cycle can be between 0 and 1 and is generally expressed as a percentage (%).
D = TON / (TON + TOFF) = TON x fsw
The variation of the pulse width, made at a high frequency (kHz), is perceived as continuous and can be translated into a variation of the rotation speed of a motor, dimming a LED, driving an encoder, driving power conversion, and etc. The use of PWM is also widely used in the automotive sector in electronic control units (ECU - Electronic Control Unit) to manage the energy to be supplied to some actuators, both fix ...
Hello everyone. Today is a great day that we are going to put our focus on another type of PCB. So far in the previous articles, we have looked at high speed, metalcore, high density interconnect and the ceramic types of PCBs. In this article, we are going to introduce another type of PCB that might find great use in your day-to-day interaction with the printed circuit boards. it is very important for a designer to take note of how PCBs have evolved and how they have become an important aspect in the design of successful electronic devices. It has become hardly difficult to come across any time of an electronic device that does not involve the use of printed circuit boards.
In PCB boards you come across LEDs fixed in them, and due to the evolving w ...
Greetings and welcome to today’s lecture. It's our 7th tutorial in the PCB learning series. In our previous lectures, we have studied the two main types of PCB i.e. Single-sided and Double-sided PCB. Today is going to be a very interesting and interactive class about Through Hole Technology(THT), which is applied in the process of designing printed circuit boards.A PCB board has a properly designed circuit on it and it's composed of connecting traces/paths and various electronic components. The electronic components are mounted on the board in two different ways i.e. Through-hole and Surface-mount. We will cover Surface-mount in our next lecture and today, we will discuss how to mount components on PCB boards using though-hole technology.So, let's ...
