Project Files of 3-Phase PM Generator Library for Proteus V1.0 (Arduino, INA219)

3-PHASE PM GENERATOR LIBRARY FOR PROTEUS - V1.0 (a small 3-phase permanent-
magnet generator, the alternator of small wind and water turbines, with its
3-phase rectifier board: the three phases live, the speed, the torque and the
power - and a SHAFT pin a turbine can drive)
Designed by The Engineering Projects
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

IMPORTANT LINKS
Article (read it first - pictures, step by step, every feature explained):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/11/3-phase-pm-generator-library-for-proteus-v1-0.html
Report a bug or suggest a feature (our forum):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/forum/category/motor-driver-proteus-library
The demo runs on our Arduino UNO V4.0 (included) - working LEDs, RESET and a
built-in serial monitor - its own article:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/arduino-uno-library-for-proteus-v40.html
The demo measures the DC side with our INA219 Current Sensor and its DC
electronic load - a SEPARATE library, not in this package: download and
install it first - its own article:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/ina219-current-sensor-library-for-proteus-v1-0.html
Support us (the libraries are free):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/donate

FILE STRUCTURE
3-Phase-PM-Generator-TEP-v1.0/
|-- Proteus Library Files/
|   |-- ArduinoV4TEP.LIB                              201.9 KB   TEP Arduino boards V4.0 (UNO) -> LIBRARY
|   |-- TEPPMGEN.LIB                                   22.6 KB   the library -> LIBRARY folder
|-- Proteus Model Files/
|   |-- TEPARDUINO.DLL                                883.5 KB   the Arduino board model -> MODELS folder
|   |-- TEPPMGEN.DLL                                  292.5 KB   the model -> MODELS folder
|-- Proteus Simulation/
|   |-- 3-Phase-PM-Generator-Rectifier-INA219-ArduinoUnoV4.pdsprj   26.1 KB   the demo project
|   |-- PMGen_Demo.hex                                 28.0 KB   the demo firmware
|   |-- TEPARDUINO.DLL                                883.5 KB   copy of the board model
|   |-- TEPPMGEN.DLL                                  292.5 KB   copy of the model
|-- Arduino Code/
|   |-- PMGen_Demo/PMGen_Demo.ino                       6.6 KB   the demo sketch (source of the .hex)
|-- README.txt                                        ~18.9 KB   this file
Total: 2.59 MB (unzipped). The C++ source code of the models is not included.

WHAT IS IT?
A simulation model of the small 3-phase permanent-magnet generator (PMG) -
the "alternator" of small wind turbines, water turbines, bicycle and
hand-crank generators - and of the 3-phase rectifier board that turns its
AC into DC. Our own models:
  * 12 poles (6 pole pairs) and 18 coils in star: the electrical frequency is
    the RPM x 6 / 60 - 60 Hz at 600 RPM. Three sinusoidal EMFs 120 degrees
    apart, 12 V rms between the lines at 600 RPM (both the voltage and the
    frequency follow the speed); 0.6 ohm and 1.2 mH a phase.
  * About 20 W at 600 RPM into a rectifier (1.5 A DC at about 13 V); rated
    1.3 A rms in each line; safe up to 1500 RPM.
  * The torque it needs is the power its EMFs give, over the speed - so the
    load on U / V / W brakes the shaft, and a short circuit brakes it hard.
    The rotor's inertia, the bearings and the cogging are in the model; the
    copper losses warm the winding (and its resistance follows).
  * THE SHAFT: the SHAFT pin's net carries the shaft - 1 V on it = 1 RPM, 1 A
    into it = 1 N.m of torque driving it. Wire a turbine model (for example
    our Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine library) to it, and the turbine, the
    generator and the load are solved together. A voltmeter on the SHAFT net
    reads the RPM.
  * THE BENCH MOTOR: for the generator's own tests a stiff test motor can
    turn the shaft (property DRIVE = BENCH, RPM; the pop-up's chips Bench
    off, 200, 400, 600 and 900 RPM). DRIVE = SHAFT leaves the shaft to the
    SHAFT pin.
  * The watch: GENERATING (with the share of its rated current), NO LOAD,
    OVERLOAD, SHORT CIRCUIT, OVERSPEED, COASTING, STOPPED, HOT; the speed,
    the frequency, the line volts and amps (rms), the torque, the power in
    and out, the efficiency, the winding's temperature, the energy.
The 3-phase rectifier board: six Schottky diodes (0.45 V at 1 A, 3 A - SPICE's
junction limiting keeps every Newton step safe), a 2200 uF filter capacitor
(property CAP) and a red power LED; U / V / W in, + / - out. A 3-phase bridge
ripples at six times the AC frequency; the capacitor smooths it.
The symbols are just the parts: the generator seen from the side - the steel
shaft and its coupling on the left (the SHAFT pin), the front flange and its
bearing, the finned aluminium body, the back cap and the cable gland with the
yellow, green and blue phase wires (U, V, W) on the right; and the green
rectifier board from above. At Run the coupling's key mark turns with the
shaft. On the generator's body: the nameplate's value line (the rating when
stopped; the RPM, the frequency, the watts and the state at Run), the OUT LED
(green while it delivers power) and the OPEN PANEL button - TEP additions; a
real generator has none of them.

TWO DEVICES (search "generator" or "rectifier" in Pick Devices):
  PMGENTEP   "3-Phase PM Generator V1.0"      (category Electromechanical >
             Renewable Energy), model TEPPMGEN.DLL
  RECT3TEP   "3-Phase Rectifier Board V1.0"   (the same category and DLL)
  The pop-up panel "TEP 3-Phase PM Generator" opens at Run (and with OPEN
  PANEL on the body) - the look of the TEP Serial Monitor. Tabs Generator,
  Graphs, Event log and Check; gear and ? icons for Settings and Help; the
  palette icon switches the theme:
    Generator  the bench motor's chips (Bench off, 200, 400, 600, 900 RPM);
               the state in big letters; THE THREE PHASES - the line volts
               and the line currents over the last two cycles, live; the
               live values (the speed, the frequency, the line volts and
               current, the power out, the efficiency, the torque to turn
               it, the winding); INSIDE THE GENERATOR - the 12 magnets
               turning past the 18 coils, each coil as bright as its phase's
               current; the last 10 s: the power out and the speed.
    Graphs     the speed, the power out against the shaft power in, the line
               volts and current over the last 10, 30 or 60 s. Live /
               Freeze.
    Event log  the drive, GENERATING, NO LOAD, OVERLOAD, COASTING, STOPPED and
               the warnings; filters All / Power / Warnings, Pause, Clear
    Check      Good for: a generator that gives less than its label, volts
               that sag under load, a winding that runs hot - the drive, the
               speed, the volts, the load, the power, the efficiency, the
               winding, with tips
    Settings   theme, text size, open at Run, window size
    Help       report a bug, suggest a feature, article, updates, donate,
               forum; Copy diagnostics for a bug report

TEST STATUS
V1.0: verified in Proteus 8.5 on 30 Oct 2026 (the demo project as shipped: an
A3 sheet, an Arduino UNO V4.0 with its built-in monitor, the generator on its
bench motor, the rectifier board, our INA219 - its pop-up version - and its DC
load at 1.5 A, from their own library, 100k from phase U to D2; all pop-ups
open). What the run showed:
  * 600 RPM, 1.5 A: "GENERATING - 598 RPM (59.8 Hz): 10.63 V x 1.208 A rms,
    20.70 W out of 24.33 W in (85 %)"; the LEDs lit (UNO, INA219, the
    generator's OUT, the board's PWR); the monitor "GEN 598 RPM  59.8 Hz
    12.88 V  1.500 A  19.32 W"; the INA219's pop-up "MEASURING - BUS 12.636
    V, SHUNT 150.02 mV, CURRENT 1.500 A, POWER 18.956 W" (one sample of the
    rippling DC - the sketch averages 16).
  * UNO 50 mA: "GENERATING - 600 RPM (60.0 Hz): 11.95 V x 0.059 A rms, 0.86 W
    out of 1.45 W in (59 %)".
  * The load off: "NO LOAD - 600 RPM (60.0 Hz): 12.00 V rms between the lines
    and no current"; the board's output 16.29 V (the run's log).
  * 2.5 A: "OVERLOAD - 1.97 A rms in each line, 151 % of the 1.3 A it is rated
    for: the winding heats (7.0 W lost)".
  * 900 RPM, 1.5 A: "GENERATING - 898 RPM (89.8 Hz): 16.55 V x 1.213 A rms,
    32.37 W out of 36.60 W in (88 %)".
  * 400 RPM, 250 mA: "GENERATING - 399 RPM (39.9 Hz): 7.78 V x 0.228 A rms,
    2.64 W out of 3.13 W in (84 %)".
  * The bench off at 50 mA: "COASTING - nothing drives the shaft: it slows
    down from 598 RPM", then "STOPPED - the shaft is still: no voltage, no
    power".
  * The monitor's "best": "Best so far: 30.95 W at 20.63 V, 1.500 A, 898 RPM".
  Plus automatic checks on a PC, 0 failed: 11 on the models (the EMF and the
  frequency; 600 RPM into 1.5 A: 19.31 W DC at 12.88 V, 79 % from the shaft;
  50 mA, no load, 300 RPM, 900 RPM; 900 RPM open: 24.68 V, under the
  INA219's 26 V; a short; the coast-down; driven by a rotor's torque line on
  the SHAFT pin) and 5 on the pop-up (every page painted).

INSTALLATION (about 2 minutes)
1. Close Proteus. Extract the WHOLE ZIP to a normal folder (e.g. Desktop).
2. Copy everything in "Proteus Library Files" (TEPPMGEN.LIB and our Arduino
   library V4.0, ArduinoV4TEP.LIB) to the LIBRARY folder of Proteus, for
   example:
     C:\Program Files (x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY
   (on some PCs: C:\ProgramData\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\
   LIBRARY - use the folder that already holds Proteus's own .LIB files).
3. Copy TEPPMGEN.DLL and TEPARDUINO.DLL from "Proteus Model Files" to the
   MODELS folder (...\Proteus 8 Professional\MODELS). The demo's INA219 and
   DC load are NOT in this package: install our INA219 Current Sensor
   library the same way (its own ZIP - see IMPORTANT LINKS): TEPINA219.LIB
   and TEPINA219.DLL.
4. Delete TEPPMGEN.IDX from the LIBRARY folder if it is there.
5. Start Proteus. In Pick Devices (P) search "generator".

RUN THE DEMO
"Proteus Simulation\3-Phase-PM-Generator-Rectifier-INA219-ArduinoUnoV4.pdsprj"
- keep the .hex file and the DLLs beside the project (with the INA219 library
installed).
  ARD1: Arduino UNO V4.0 running PMGen_Demo.hex, its serial monitor built in
        (window "TEP Arduino UNO - ARD1").
  GEN1: the generator (DRIVE=BENCH, RPM=600): its bench motor turns it; V and
        W straight into the board, U by U labels; its SHAFT pin is free.
  BR1:  the 3-phase rectifier board (CAP=2200): + up to a DC+ label, - to
        ground.
  U1:   our INA219 (Advance: its pop-up), SDA / SCL on the UNO's A4 / A5 by
        labels; VIN+ on the DC+ net, VIN- straight into the load.
  LD1:  the INA219 library's TEP DC electronic load, 1.5 A (the generator's
        rated load at 600 RPM); - to ground.
  R1:   100k from phase U (a U label) to the UNO's D2: the speed from the AC.
  1. Press Run. The monitor and the two pop-ups open (move them aside). The
     bench motor spins the generator up to 600 RPM in about a second.
  2. On the generator's pop-up: Bench off, 200, 400, 600, 900 RPM.
  3. On the INA219's pop-up: the load presets (UNO 50 mA, SERVO 250 mA, LAMP
     1.5 A ...), +10 / +100 mA and "Switch the load off".
  4. Type in the monitor and press Send: best, reset, rate 500, help.
  5. Double-click GEN1: DRIVE (BENCH / SHAFT), RPM, AMBIENT (C). Double-click
     BR1: CAP (uF).

WIRING (the same idea in a project)
  A small wind or water turbine's generator: its three wires to a 3-phase
  rectifier (six diodes or a bridge module), the rectifier to a charge
  controller made for wind (one with a dump load), the controller to the
  battery. Never leave the generator unloaded in a strong wind: with no load
  the speed and the voltage climb - a short across the three phases (a brake
  switch) is the usual brake.
  To measure it with an Arduino: an INA219 (up to 26 V, 3.2 A with its 0.1
  ohm shunt) on the rectifier's DC side, and one phase through a 100k
  resistor into an interrupt pin for the speed: each rising edge is one
  electrical cycle, RPM = the frequency x 60 / pole pairs.
In the sketch (Wire only): keep the times of the last nine edges on D2 and take
the frequency from the last eight whole cycles:
  edgeUs[edgeAt] = micros(); edgeAt = (edgeAt + 1) % 9;   // in the interrupt
  return 8e6 / (newest - oldest);                         // Hz
  rpm = hz * 60 / POLE_PAIRS;
and average 16 INA219 readings over about 20 ms: a rectified 3-phase supply
ripples at six times the AC frequency.
REAL HARDWARE:
 * Check the generator's pole count on its label (or count the cycles per
   turn): the RPM from the frequency needs it.
 * The AVR's input clamp diodes limit the phase on D2 to 0 - 5 V; the 100k
   keeps their current near 0.1 mA (Atmel's application note AVR182 detects
   mains zero crossings the same way). An optocoupler isolates it fully.
 * Rate the rectifier's diodes for the short-circuit current and its
   capacitor for the open-circuit voltage at the highest speed.
 * Mount the generator so the shaft's coupling takes no side load.

THE DEMO SKETCH ON THE SERIAL MONITOR (PMGen_Demo V1.0, 9600 baud)
  best      the best point so far          reset     forget it
  rate N    report every N ms (200 - 5000) help      the list
EXPECTED MONITOR OUTPUT
  3-Phase PM Generator demo - The Engineering Projects
  Phase U on D2 gives the speed; the INA219 (0x40 on A4 / A5) measures the rectifier board's DC output.
  Commands: best | reset | rate 1000 | help
  (then a line every second: GEN, RPM, Hz, volts, amps, watts, and a note:
  changing, stopped or no load)

PROPERTIES (double-click the part > Edit Properties)
  GEN1 - DRIVE    BENCH (the test motor turns the shaft) or SHAFT (the SHAFT
                  pin's net does); default BENCH
         RPM      the bench motor's speed at the start, 0 - 1200; default 600
         AMBIENT  the air, C (-20 - 50); default 25 - the winding starts at it
  BR1  - CAP      the filter capacitor, uF (0 - 10000); default 2200
Every run starts again from the properties.

TROUBLESHOOTING
* STOPPED: nothing turns the shaft - DRIVE=BENCH with a speed, or a turbine
  on the SHAFT pin.
* NO LOAD: nothing takes the power - check the rectifier and the load.
* OVERLOAD: more than 1.6 A rms in each line - lighten the load; the winding
  heats.
* SHORT CIRCUIT: the phases (or the DC side) are shorted - the windings take
  all the power and brake the shaft.
* OVERSPEED: over 1500 RPM - load it or brake it.
* The parts are not simulated: TEPPMGEN.DLL is missing from MODELS and from
  the project folder. No INA219 or no DC load: install our INA219 library
  (TEPINA219.LIB / .DLL). No UNO / no monitor window: TEPARDUINO.DLL, or click
  the UNO's USB port.
* No speed on the monitor: phase U does not reach D2 (the U labels, R1).
* The pop-up does not appear: click OPEN PANEL on the body, or turn "Open the
  panel at Run" on its Settings page back on.

BUG REPORTS AND FEATURE REQUESTS
Please post them in our forum with a screenshot, the Serial Monitor text, the
simulation log and the pop-up's Copy diagnostics text:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/forum/category/motor-driver-proteus-library

SUPPORT US
This library is free. If it saves you time, please support our work:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/donate

LICENCES AND THIRD-PARTY NOTES
* The generator and rectifier models (TEPPMGEN.DLL), the symbols and artwork
  and the Arduino Library V4.0 (ArduinoV4TEP.LIB / TEPARDUINO.DLL) are made by
  The Engineering Projects. The models are our own, fitted to the typical
  data of small 12 V permanent-magnet generators and SS34-type Schottky
  diodes. The models use only standard Windows libraries; no Visual C++
  redistributable is needed. The C++ source code is not included. The demo's
  INA219 and DC load, our INA219 Current Sensor library (TEPINA219.LIB /
  TEPINA219.DLL), are a separate download.
* The demo's .hex is built from the demo sketch and the Arduino AVR core 1.8.6
  (with its Wire library), which includes LGPL-licensed code; its source code
  is available at https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr/tree/1.8.6
* Proteus is a product of Labcenter Electronics and is not included. Arduino is
  a trademark of Arduino SA. This library is not made or endorsed by any
  generator maker, Arduino or Labcenter.

REBUILDING THE FIRMWARE (OPTIONAL)
The HEX file is supplied; Arduino IDE is not needed to run the demo. To edit
the sketch, open Arduino Code\PMGen_Demo\PMGen_Demo.ino, select Arduino Uno
and use Sketch > Export Compiled Binary. The sketch needs 10,188 bytes of flash
(31 % of the UNO) and 538 bytes of RAM.

MODEL SCOPE AND LIMITS
Modelled: three sinusoidal EMFs that follow the speed, each phase's resistance
(warming with the copper) and inductance, the torque the currents take from the
shaft, the rotor's inertia, the bearings and the cogging as a smooth friction,
the bench motor, the winding's heat, the rectifier board's diodes, capacitor
and LED, and the watch's states and warnings.
How it runs: at each Newton step the windings are in the circuit as the
equivalent delta of three R-L branches with their EMFs, and the shaft as a net
of its own (1 V = 1 RPM, 1 A = 1 N.m), so the shaft, the windings and the load
are solved together; the analog step is held to 40 points an electrical cycle.
Not modelled: the cogging torque's ripple (it is a smooth friction here), the
iron losses, the magnets' temperature, armature reaction and saturation,
trapezoidal EMFs (some generators are made that way), and the diodes' reverse
recovery (Schottky diodes have none to speak of).

VERSION
TEP 3-Phase PM Generator library V1.0 (Oct 2026). Devices PMGENTEP and
RECT3TEP (TEPPMGEN.LIB / TEPPMGEN.DLL). Demo sketch PMGen_Demo V1.0. Demo
sensor and load: INA219ADVTEP and DCLOADTEP (TEP INA219 Current Sensor library
V1.0, a separate library). Demo board: ARDUINO UNO V4.0 (TEP Arduino Library
V4.0) with its built-in serial monitor.