Project Files of LM393 Speed Sensor Library for Proteus V1.0 (Arduino RPM Counter)

LM393 SPEED SENSOR LIBRARY FOR PROTEUS - V1.0 (a slotted optical speed sensor, its 20-slot disc and a pop-up panel)
Designed by The Engineering Projects
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

IMPORTANT LINKS
Article (read it first - pictures, step by step, every feature explained):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/lm393-speed-sensor-library-for-proteus-v1-0.html
Report a bug or suggest a feature (our forum):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/forum/category/motor-driver-proteus-library
The demo runs on our Arduino UNO V4.0 (included) - working LEDs, RESET and a
built-in serial monitor, no Virtual Terminal to wire - its own article:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/arduino-uno-library-for-proteus-v40.html
Support us (the libraries are free):
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/donate

FILE STRUCTURE
LM393-Speed-Sensor-TEP-v1.0/
|-- Proteus Library Files/
|   |-- ArduinoV4TEP.LIB                              201.9 KB   TEP Arduino boards V4.0 (UNO) -> LIBRARY
|   |-- TEPLM393.LIB                                  103.4 KB   the library -> LIBRARY folder
|-- Proteus Model Files/
|   |-- TEPARDUINO.DLL                                883.5 KB   the Arduino board model -> MODELS folder
|   |-- TEPLM393.DLL                                  300.0 KB   the model -> MODELS folder
|-- Proteus Simulation/
|   |-- LM393-Speed-Sensor-ArduinoUnoV4.pdsprj         33.1 KB   the demo project
|   |-- Speed_Sensor_Demo.hex                          18.4 KB   the demo firmware
|   |-- TEPARDUINO.DLL                                883.5 KB   copy of the board model
|   |-- TEPLM393.DLL                                  300.0 KB   copy of the model
|-- Arduino Code/
|   |-- Speed_Sensor_Demo/Speed_Sensor_Demo.ino         3.7 KB   the demo sketch (source of the .hex)
|-- README.txt                                        ~16.9 KB   this file
Total: 2.68 MB (unzipped). The C++ source code of the models is not included.

WHAT IS IT?
A simulation model of the LM393 slotted optical speed sensor module (the HC-020K
/ FC-03 style board of robot cars) with the 20-slot encoder disc of the machine
it measures. Our own model, not a pulse generator with a picture:
  * An infrared LED and a phototransistor face each other across the slot; an
    LM393 comparator turns the light into D0. Light through a slot: D0 LOW
    (and the D0 LED on); a spoke in the beam: D0 HIGH. 20 slots = 20 pulses a
    turn, 1 pulse = 18 deg: RPM = pulses a second x 3.
  * The comparator on these modules has no hysteresis. At slow speeds each
    slot edge crosses the beam slowly, the phototransistor's voltage creeps
    through the threshold and D0 chatters: extra short pulses (15 - 50 us, up
    to 2 extra pairs an edge, below about 200 RPM). A plain count is then far
    too high - at 30 RPM five times too high. Property CHATTER (YES / NO).
  * The disc belongs to the machine: its speed follows the set speed with the
    machine's inertia (0.3 s). Set it with property RPM, the pop-up's chips
    (Stop, 30, 60, 150, 300, 600, 1500 RPM and Reverse) or a click on the disc.
  * VCC and GND power it (VCC HIGH, GND LOW); without power D0 floats.
  * What it names: the true slot rate, D0's falling edges, the extra edges and
    the RPM a plain count gives, the direction it cannot see, no power.
The symbol: the black 20-slot encoder disc on the double-flat shaft of a TT
gear motor (it turns at Run and blurs into a band at speed, as a camera sees
it), the black U-shaped slot sensor across its rim, the blue module board with
the LM393, its resistors, the PWR and D0 LEDs and the D0 / VCC / GND header.
The plate and the strip under the plate (RPM, SLOTS/S, D0 and OPEN PANEL) are
TEP additions; the real module has none of them.

ONE DEVICE (search "LM393" or "SPEED" in Pick Devices):
  LM393SPEEDTEP   "LM393 Speed Sensor V1.0"   (category Sensors > Speed), model
                  TEPLM393.DLL
  The pop-up panel "TEP LM393 Speed Sensor" opens at Run (and with OPEN PANEL
  on the strip) - the look of the TEP Serial Monitor. Tabs Sensor, Graphs,
  Event log and Check; gear and ? icons for Settings and Help; the palette icon
  switches the theme:
    Sensor     the state in big letters (300 RPM - 100 SLOTS A SECOND ON D0 /
               COUNTS TOO MANY / SPEEDING UP / SLOWING DOWN / STOPPED / NO
               POWER), a speed dial - the disc in blue, the set speed in orange
               -, the live values (the disc, the set speed, the true slots, D0's
               falling edges, the extra edges, the RPM a plain count gives, D0
               now, the chatter of the last edge), D0 over the last periods and
               the last edge zoomed in to 1 ms - the chatter. The toolbar: the
               disc's speed (Stop, 30, 60, 150, 300, 600, 1500) and Reverse.
    Graphs     the disc's speed and the set speed; D0's falling edges a second
               against the true slots - the gap is the chatter. 2 / 6 / 15 s,
               Live / Freeze.
    Event log  power, every set speed, every steady speed with its run-up time;
               filters All / Speeds / Warnings, Pause, Clear
    Check      Good for: an RPM that is zero, too high at low speed, jumpy, or
               that never changes with the direction - power, the output, the
               count, the rate, the direction and the disc, each with a verdict
               (green = fine, amber = check, red = wrong)
    Settings   theme, text size, open at Run, window size
    Help       report a bug, suggest a feature, article, updates, donate,
               forum; Copy diagnostics for a bug report

TEST STATUS
V1.0: verified in Proteus 8.5 on 29 Oct 2026 (the demo project as shipped: an
A4 sheet, an Arduino UNO V4.0 with its built-in monitor, the sensor U1 on D2,
RV1 on A0 at 25 % - a 0.5 ms lockout; the pop-up open).
What the runs showed (one line a second from the sketch):
  * The project loads and starts cleanly. The disc runs up to 300 RPM: 100
    slots a second, "raw 100 -> 300 RPM | filtered 100 -> 300 RPM (lockout 500
    us)" - no chatter at this speed.
  * 60 RPM (the pop-up): D0 falls 3 times a slot - "raw 61 -> 183 RPM |
    filtered 20 -> 60 RPM (lockout 500 us)". The pop-up: COUNTS TOO MANY, 200 %
    extra edges.
  * filter 0 (no lockout): "raw 62 -> 186 RPM | filtered 62 -> 186 RPM (lockout
    0 us)". 30 RPM: "raw 50 -> 150 RPM | filtered 50 -> 150 RPM (lockout 0
    us)" - 400 % extra edges, 2 extra pairs an edge in the pop-up's zoom.
  * knob (RV1's 0.5 ms again): "raw 50 -> 150 RPM | filtered 10 -> 30 RPM
    (lockout 500 us)" - right again.
  * 1500 RPM: 500 slots a second, 500 falls a second - no chatter; the disc a
    blur. Reverse: -1500 RPM, the same 500 pulses a second - one sensor cannot
    tell the direction. Stop: no pulses; 300 RPM again: 100 a second.
  * The pop-up: Sensor, Graphs (2 / 6 / 15 s), Event log, Check - all four
    pages followed the run.
  Plus automatic checks on a PC, 0 failed: 14 on the module (300 RPM: 100.0
  slots a second, 300.0 RPM counted, no chatter even with CHATTER on; 60 RPM:
  3.05 x the falling edges, 180 RPM counted - a 0.5 ms lockout gives exactly
  1.000 x; 30 RPM: 400 % extra; -300 RPM: the same 100 a second; Stop: no
  pulses; no power: D0 floats; the run-up to 1500 RPM in 1.0 - 1.3 s); 3 on the
  pop-up pages rendered; the demo project read back from disk (51 checks:
  devices, pins, wires, labels, no wire through a part, no wire crossing).

INSTALLATION (about 2 minutes)
1. Close Proteus. Extract the WHOLE ZIP to a normal folder (e.g. Desktop).
2. Copy everything in "Proteus Library Files" (TEPLM393.LIB, and our Arduino
   library V4.0, ArduinoV4TEP.LIB, with the ARDUINO UNO V4.0 used by the demo)
   to the LIBRARY folder of Proteus, for example:
     C:\Program Files (x86)\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\LIBRARY
   (on some PCs: C:\ProgramData\Labcenter Electronics\Proteus 8 Professional\
   LIBRARY - use the folder that already holds Proteus's own .LIB files).
3. Copy TEPLM393.DLL and TEPARDUINO.DLL from "Proteus Model Files" to the
   MODELS folder (...\Proteus 8 Professional\MODELS).
   ArduinoV4TEP.LIB and TEPARDUINO.DLL are the files of our Arduino Library
   V4.0 - if you have it, they are the same.
4. Delete TEPLM393.IDX from the LIBRARY folder if it is there (Proteus makes a
   new index).
5. Start Proteus. In Pick Devices (P) search "LM393".

RUN THE DEMO
"Proteus Simulation\LM393-Speed-Sensor-ArduinoUnoV4.pdsprj" (an A4 sheet) -
keep the .hex file and the two DLLs beside the project.
  ARD1: Arduino UNO V4.0 running Speed_Sensor_Demo.hex, its serial monitor
        built in (window "TEP Arduino UNO - ARD1").
  U1:   the speed sensor - D0 on D2 (by the net label D2 above both parts), VCC
        on the VCC terminal, GND on ground.
  RV1:  a 10k potentiometer (POT-HG) on A0 - the sketch's lockout, 0 - 2 ms
        (25 % = 0.5 ms).
  1. Press Run. The monitor and the sensor's pop-up open (move them aside -
     they open over the schematic). The disc runs up to 300 RPM; each second
     the sketch prints the raw and the filtered count.
  2. On the pop-up pick 60 or 30 RPM: the raw count runs away, the filtered one
     stays right. Look at the last edge, zoomed in: the chatter.
  3. Type filter 0 in the monitor (or turn RV1 to 0): both counts are wrong.
     Type knob to give RV1 back the lockout.
  4. Try 1500 RPM, Reverse and Stop; watch the Graphs and the Check page.
Closed a window? The monitor: click the UNO's USB port; the pop-up: OPEN PANEL.

WIRING (the same in Proteus and on a real board)
  Sensor module  Arduino UNO
   D0            D2 (INT0 - or D3, INT1)
   VCC           5V (3.3 - 5 V)
   GND           GND
  Potentiometer  the ends to 5V and GND, the wiper to A0 (the demo's lockout)
In the sketch: an interrupt on every change of D2; a change within the lockout
of the last accepted change is chatter and is ignored; an accepted falling
edge counts one slot:
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(2), onChange, CHANGE);
  rpm = slots counted in one second x 60 / 20
REAL HARDWARE:
 * The chatter is real: these modules use the LM393 without hysteresis. A 0.5
   ms lockout in software, or a 100 nF capacitor from D0 to GND, cures it.
 * Keep the lockout shorter than half a slot period: 0.5 ms works up to 1000
   slots a second (3000 RPM with 20 slots).
 * One sensor cannot tell the direction; two a quarter of a slot apart can.
 * Shield the slot from sunlight: daylight holds the phototransistor on.

THE DEMO SKETCH ON THE SERIAL MONITOR (Speed_Sensor_Demo V1.0, 9600 baud)
  filter 500    the lockout in microseconds (0 - 2000; RV1 is ignored until knob)
  knob          RV1 sets the lockout again
  slots 20      the slots of the disc
  help          the list
The disc's speed is set on the sensor's pop-up, not by the sketch: the sketch
only measures, as on a real machine.
EXPECTED MONITOR OUTPUT
  LM393 speed sensor demo - The Engineering Projects
  D0 on D2 (interrupt), 20-slot disc. RV1 on A0 sets the lockout (0 - 2 ms). Set the disc's speed on the
    sensor's pop-up.   (one line on the monitor)
  Commands: filter 500 | knob | slots 20 | help
  raw 100 -> 300 RPM | filtered 100 -> 300 RPM (lockout 500 us)

PROPERTIES (double-click the part > Edit Properties)
  RPM       the disc's speed at the start in RPM (default 300; minus =
            backwards, up to 3000) - the machine runs up to it at Run
  CHATTER   YES (default): the comparator chatters at slow speeds, as on the
            real module; NO: an ideal sensor
Every run starts again from the properties. The demo's UNO (ARDUINO UNO V4.0):
PROGRAM Speed_Sensor_Demo.hex, MONITOR YES (the built-in monitor), BAUD 9600,
AUTOOPEN YES, BOOTLOADER YES.

LINKS.INI (OPTIONAL)
The Help page cards of the pop-up open web pages. To point them somewhere else
without a new DLL, put a text file named links.ini next to TEPLM393.DLL with
lines KEY=URL, for example:
  ARTICLE=https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/...
Keys: WEBSITE, FORUM, BUG_REPORT, FEATURE_REQUEST, ARTICLE, USER_GUIDE,
UPDATE_CHECK, DONATE. Only http:// and https:// links are used; lines starting
with # are comments.

TROUBLESHOOTING
* No pulses (STOPPED): the disc stands still - pick a speed on the pop-up or
  click the disc.
* NO POWER: VCC or GND is not connected; D0 floats.
* The RPM is far too high at low speed: the chatter - use a lockout of about
  0.5 ms (filter 500) or set CHATTER to NO for an ideal sensor.
* The RPM is too low at high speed: the lockout is longer than half a slot
  period - shorten it.
* The RPM does not change sign backwards: one sensor cannot tell the direction.
* The part is not simulated / the disc never turns: TEPLM393.DLL is missing from
  MODELS and from the project folder. No UNO / no monitor window:
  TEPARDUINO.DLL is missing, or click the UNO's USB port.
* The pop-up does not appear: click OPEN PANEL on the strip, or turn "Open the
  panel at Run" on its Settings page back on.

BUG REPORTS AND FEATURE REQUESTS
Please post them in our forum with a screenshot, the Serial Monitor text, the
simulation log and the pop-up's Copy diagnostics text:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/forum/category/motor-driver-proteus-library

SUPPORT US
This library is free. If it saves you time, please support our work:
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/donate

WEBSITE
  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/

LICENCES AND THIRD-PARTY NOTES
* The sensor model (TEPLM393.DLL), the symbol and artwork and the Arduino
  Library V4.0 (ArduinoV4TEP.LIB / TEPARDUINO.DLL, with its built-in TEP Serial
  Monitor Advance) are made by The Engineering Projects. The model is an
  independent implementation written from the typical behaviour of LM393
  slotted optical speed sensor modules. The model uses only standard Windows
  libraries; no Visual C++ redistributable is needed.
  The C++ source code is not included.
* Arduino UNO V4.0 (ArduinoV4TEP.LIB / TEPARDUINO.DLL, our Arduino Library
  V4.0 - its microcontroller is Proteus's own AVR model): The Engineering
  Projects, https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2026/10/arduino-uno-library-for-proteus-v40.html
* The potentiometer is Proteus's own POT-HG.
* The .hex file is built from the demo sketch and the Arduino AVR core 1.8.6,
  which includes LGPL-licensed code; its source code is available at
  https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr/tree/1.8.6
* Proteus is a product of Labcenter Electronics and is not included. Arduino is
  a trademark of Arduino SA. This library is not made or endorsed by any
  module maker, Arduino or Labcenter.

REBUILDING THE FIRMWARE (OPTIONAL)
The HEX file is supplied; Arduino IDE is not needed to run the demo. To edit the
sketch, open Arduino Code\Speed_Sensor_Demo\Speed_Sensor_Demo.ino, select
Arduino Uno and use Sketch > Export Compiled Binary. Replace the simulation's
.hex with the exported HEX. The sketch needs 6,672 bytes of flash (20 % of the
UNO) and 282 bytes of RAM.

MODEL SCOPE AND LIMITS
Modelled: the slots passing the beam (20 slots as wide as the spokes), D0 LOW
through a slot and HIGH on a spoke (a weak HIGH: the board's pull-up), the
comparator's chatter at slow speeds, power, the machine's speed lag (0.3 s),
the direction it cannot see.
How it runs: a digital model; each slot edge and each chatter toggle is
predicted and scheduled exactly (one callback pending at a time), with a 50 ms
poll for the shaft, the clicks and the log.
Not modelled: the analog output (A0) of 4-pin boards, the threshold trimmer,
ambient light, a dirty or misaligned slot, the 100 nF capacitor fix (use
CHATTER NO for a filtered module).

VERSION
TEP LM393 Speed Sensor library V1.0 (Oct 2026). Device LM393SPEEDTEP
(TEPLM393.LIB / TEPLM393.DLL). Demo sketch Speed_Sensor_Demo V1.0. Demo board:
ARDUINO UNO V4.0 (TEP Arduino Library V4.0) with its built-in serial monitor.