The Engineering Projects

Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino

Hello friends! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I will elaborate you that how can we make a simple algorithm for Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino. In my previous tutorials I made algorithm for DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino, DC Motor Direction Control using Matlab, DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino and DC Motor Speed Control using Matlab. Now, in this tutorial I will control a stepper motor using Arduino by entering the different commands through its serial port. Before going into the detail of this tutorial, you must know the basic difference between stepper and DC motors. DC motors have only two input terminal one is positive and the other one is negative. You just have to provide the power supply and it will start rotating but this is not the case in stepper motor. The stepper motor which I will use in this tutorial, has six pins out of which four pins provide pulses or steps and the other two pins are power pins. So, in this tutorial I will control this six pins stepper motor using L298 motor controller and Arduino UNO board. Basically we can use stepper motor where precision is required. Stepper motor has wide range of applications e.g robotics, CNC machines, home automation etc. In simple word, we can say that stepper motor can be used where there is a need to move at particular angle. So, let's get started with Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino:

Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino

In this tutorial we will learn how to make a program for Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino by sending dfferent commands from the serial port. First of all, I am going share the list of components used for this mini project.

• Arduino UNO
• Stepper motor (6 wire)
• L298 Motor Controller (H-Bridge)
• Voltage Regulator (7805)
• 1000uF
• Jumper Wires
• Solderig Iron
• Soldering Wire

I want to tell you a bit about the stepper motor because all the other components are discussed in detail in DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino.

Stepper Motor

Basically, stepper motors are like the DC motors that rotate in discrete steps. They have multiple arranged coils and they are usually known as phases. Motor will rotate one step at a time if we energize each phase sequence. High levels of precision can be achieved by controlling the stepper motor with computer. Steppers motors are available in the market in many different sizes. The speed of the stepper motor is controlled by frequency of pulses generated. They have wide range of applications like hard disk drives, robotics, telescope, antenna, toys etc. A six wire stepper motor is shown in the figure below.  

• I have designed Stepper Motor Drive Circuit  using Proteus ISIS and its screen shot is given in the figure below.

• You can download complete source code for Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino by clicking the below button:

Download Arduino Source Code

Selection of Wires

• I have used 6 wire stepper motor and each wire has its own function.
• I have first divided these six wires into two pair.
• Each pair is consisting of three wires out of which one wire is common and the other two generate pulses.
• The two pair of three wires are shown in the figure below.

• Then, I have chosen a common wire in each pair from which the resistance to the other two wires is common.
• I have checked the resistance from the common wire to the both of the other wires of the same pair.
• I found that the resistance from the common wire to both of the other wires is same.
• We can see in the figure above the blue, pink and white wires belong to the same pair out of which white is a common wire.
• Here is the screen shot of the figure when I found the resistance between white and blue wire and I found it to be 8.0 ohms.
• The screen shot of the above steps is shown in the figure below.

• After that. I checked the resistance between white and pink wire and found it to be 8.1 which is almost the same as 8.0 so, this shows that the white wire is common to both of the blue and pink wire.
• Here is the screen shot of the above step.

• Then I found the resistance between pink and blue wire and it was 15.6 which is exactly the double of the earlier resistance.
• It is shown in the figure below.

• I have connect the both common wires as shown in the figure below.

• Here's the video in which I have discussed it in detail How to identify the wires of Stepper Motor:

• The remaining four wires are used to generate pulses which are also know as steps
• I have connected theses four wires to the output pins OUT1, OUT2, OUT3 and OUT4 of the L298 micro controller.
• Input pins of L298 micro controller In1, In2, In3 and In4 are connected to the pin no 7, 6, 5 and 4 of the Arduino UNO's board respectively.

Note:

I have also controlled the stepper motor using PIC micro controller so I would suggest all of you to first go through that tutorial before going into the details of this tutorial.

• Stepper Motor Control using PIC Microcontroller

Block Diagram

• I have made a simple block diagram for Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino, which will be helpful to clearly understand the algorithm and the assembling of the components of Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino.
• The screenshot of the block diagram is shown in the figure below.

• First of all we need a power supply to run the project properly.
• Arduino reads the commands from the serial port and sends to the L298 motor driver to rotate the stepper motor.
• The commands got printed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).

Arduino Source Code Description

• The main function of the Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino is given below.

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>//Library for LCD
#include <Stepper.h> //Library for Stepper motor

const int stepsPerRevolution = 255;  

// initialize the stepper library on pins
Stepper myStepper(stepsPerRevolution, 4, 5, 6, 7);
char data;
//LCD pins assigning
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
void setup() {
  // set the speed at 60 rpm
  myStepper.setSpeed(60);
  // initialize the serial port:
  Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(20, 4);//LCD type

lcd.setCursor(3,0);//setting LCD cursor and printing on it
lcd.print("Stepper Motor");
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print("Direction");
lcd.setCursor(5,2);
lcd.print("Control");
lcd.setCursor(2,3);
lcd.print("via Arduino UNO");

delay(3000);

lcd.clear ();//Clearing the LCD screen

lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("www.TheEngineering");
lcd.setCursor(4,3);
lcd.print("Projects.com");
}

void loop() {
  if(Serial.available())
  {
    data = Serial.read(); //Reading the data from serial port
  }
  
    if(data == 'C'){Clockwise();}//Clockwise rotation
    if(data == 'A'){AntiClockwise();}//Anti-clockwise rotation
    if(data == 'S')//stopping the stepper motor
    {
      data = 0; 
      lcd.setCursor(3,0);
      lcd.print("No rotation");}
    
}

• In the code given above we have first initialized the LCD and Stepper motor libraries.
• Then, I assigned stepper motor pins at which it is connected to the Arduino.
• After that I initialized the LCD pins at which it is connected to Arduino UNO.
• Then I have made three different if statements, C for the clockwise, A for the anti clockwise rotation and S for the no rotation.
• Then in the loop I called clock wise and anti clockwise functions whose source code will be give and explained below.
• Then, I cleared the serial data in order to stop the rotation of the motor.
• The source code of the clockwise function is given below.

void Clockwise()//function for clockwise rotation
{
    Serial.println("clockwise"); //printing on the serial port
    Serial.println("");//prints blank line on the serial port
    myStepper.step(stepsPerRevolution);//counter clockwise rotation
    lcd.setCursor(3,0);//setting LCD cursor
    lcd.print("Clockwise"); //printing on LCDa
}

• The source code for the anti clockwise function is given below.

void AntiClockwise()//function for anti clockwise rotation
{
  Serial.println("anti-clockwise");//print on the serial
  Serial.println("");//prints a blank line on the serial
  myStepper.step(-stepsPerRevolution);//clockwise movement
  lcd.setCursor(3,0);//setting LCD cursor
  lcd.print("Anti-clockwise");//printing on LCD
}

• Now, open your Arduino software, just copy and paste the source code given above.
• Run the program and open the Serial Port at the top right of the Arduino software.
• Now, when you enter the command C stepper motor will start running in clockwise direction.
• If you send the command A through the serial port stepper motor will start to rotate in counter clockwise direction.
• If you send the command S the rotation of the stepper motor will be stopped.

Actual Hardware Setup

• The actual hardware operating setup for Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino is given in the figure below:

• Now, if you send the command C  through the serial port the stepper motor will start to rotate in clockwise direction and the command will also be printed on the LCD.
• The screenshot of the printed command on LCD is shown in the figure below.

• Now, if you send the command A  through the serial port the stepper motor will start to rotate in anti clockwise direction and the command will also be printed on the LCD.
• The screenshot of the printed command on LCD is shown in the figure below.

• Now, if you send the command S  through the serial port the stepper motor will show no more rotation and the command will also be printed on the LCD.
• The screenshot of the printed command on LCD is shown in the figure below.

• Here's the complete video demonstration of Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino, I hope it will help as well:

That's all from the tutorial Stepper Motor Direction Control using Arduino. I hope you enjoyed this tutorial. If you face any sort of problem, you can ask me anytime without feeling any kind of hesitation. I will try my level best to solve your problem in a better way if possible. I will explore Arduino by making different projects on it. Till then, Take care :)

DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino

Hello friends! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to share my knowledge about how can you make a simple program for DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino UNO. In my previous tutorial, DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino, I have just controlled the DC motor in both directions at constant speed using Arduino. I have also performed the DC Motor Direction Control in Matlab by sending different commands through serial port from Matlab and LabVIEW to the Arduino and then controlled the direction of rotation of DC motor. But in this tutorial I will rotate the same DC motor at variable speed in both clockwise and anti clockwise directions. In my previous tutorial, we have seen that input pins In1 & In2 of motor control driver L298 (H-Bridge) are useful to control the direction of rotation of the DC motor. In this tutorial, I have controlled its speed as well by providing different voltage levels at the enable pin of the DC motor control driver L298. It will be helpful to vary the speed of the DC motor in either clockwise or in anti clockwise direction. So, let's get started with DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino UNO:

DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino UNO

In this tutorial we will learn that how to make an algorithm for DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino UNO. Speed control of any motor is always done y Pulse Width Modulation, abbreviated as PWM. PWM pulse can be generated using Arduino and L298 Enable Pin is used to get that PWM pulse and then it controls the motor speed accordingly. Before going into the further details I would like to tell you about the concept of PWM for controlling DC motor. Moreover, you can download the complete Arduino code for DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino by clicking the below button: Download Arduino Source Code

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation. It basically describes the type of the digital signal. PWM technique is an excellent technique to control the analog circuits with microcontroller's digital PWM output. In this technique we can get analog results with the digital means. Digital control is used to create square wave. This pattern can vary voltages between full on i.e. 5V and full off i.e. 0V. The duration of on time i.e. when the the signal is present is known as pulse width. PWM waves for the different duty cycles are shown in the figure below. Duty cycle is basically the proportion of the time during which a system is operated. It can be expressed as a percentage. For example motor rotates for 1 second out of 100 seconds, it duty cycle can be represented as 1/100 or as 1%. For Arduino software coding the command analogWrite(255) shows the maximum i.e. 100% duty cycle. To achieve 50% duty cycle we have to update this command to analogWrite(127). Arduino UNO's pin no 3, 5, 6,10 and 11 are used as PWM pins. In this project we can control the speed of the DC motor by providing high and low voltages to the enable pin of the motor control driver L298. For example, if a motor rotates with the maximum speed and 100% duty cycle at 12V and we provide it with the 6V then it will rotate with the half of the initial speed having 50% duty cycle.

Motor Controller L298

The pins EnA and EnB of the motor controller L298 are used as the PWM pins. We can rotate the DC motor at different speed providing different high and low voltage levels to these pins of the motor control driver. If we start to reduce the maximum voltage at which the motor rotates at maximum speed, the speed of the motor also starts to reduce. In this way these enable pins are helpful to control the speed of the DC motor.

Algorithm design and descrition

In this section of the tutorial DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino UNO, I am going to explain you about designing as well as a detailed description of the designed algorithm. I will tell you about the entire algorithm in step by step procedure. Note:Since you are working on the DC motor so you must also have a look at my previous tutorials, they will be helpful for you to simulate this project as well.

• Speed Control of DC Motor using PIC Microcontroller
• DC Motor Speed Control with Arduino in Proteus ISIS
• Direction Control of DC Motor using Arduino in Proteus
• DC Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS

Open your Arduino software, copy and paste the source code given below in your software.

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
//Keyboard Controls:
//
// C - Clockwise
// S - Stop
// A - Anti-clockwise

// Declare L298N Controller pins
// Motor 1
int count=255;
int dir1PinA = 2;
int dir2PinA = 5;
int speedPinA = 6; // PWM control
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);

void setup() { 
 
Serial.begin(9600); // baud rate

lcd.begin(20, 4);
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("DC Motor");
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print("Direction");
lcd.setCursor(5,2);
lcd.print("Control");
lcd.setCursor(2,3);
lcd.print("via Arduino UNO");

delay(3000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("www.TheEngineering");
lcd.setCursor(4,3);
lcd.print("Projects.com");
//Define L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Controller Pins

pinMode(dir1PinA,OUTPUT);
pinMode(dir2PinA,OUTPUT);
pinMode(speedPinA,OUTPUT);

analogWrite(speedPinA, 255);//Sets speed variable via PWM 

}

void loop() {

// Initialize the Serial interface:

if (Serial.available() > 0) {
int inByte = Serial.read();
int speed; // Local variable

switch (inByte) {

case 'C': // Clockwise rotation
//analogWrite(speedPinA, 255);//Sets speed variable via PWM 
digitalWrite(dir1PinA, LOW);
digitalWrite(dir2PinA, HIGH);
Serial.println("Clockwise rotation"); // Prints out “Motor 1 Forward” on the serial monitor
Serial.println("   "); // Creates a blank line printed on the serial monitor
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Clockwise rotation");
break;

case 'S': // No rotation
//analogWrite(speedPinA, 0); // 0 PWM (Speed)
digitalWrite(dir1PinA, LOW);
digitalWrite(dir2PinA, LOW);
Serial.println("No rotation");
Serial.println("   ");
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("No rotation");
break;

case 'H': //Accelrating motor
count=count+20;
  if (count>255)
  {
  count =255;
  }
  analogWrite(speedPinA,count);
  delay(50);

//digitalWrite(dir1PinA, LOW);
//digitalWrite(dir2PinA, HIGH);
Serial.println("Motor is accelrating slowly");
Serial.println("   ");
Serial.println(count);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Motor is accelrating");
break;

case 'L': //Deaccelrating motor
count=count-20;
  if (count<20)
  {
  count=20;
  }
  analogWrite(speedPinA,count);
  delay(50);

//digitalWrite(dir1PinA, LOW);
//digitalWrite(dir2PinA, HIGH);
Serial.println("Motor is deaccelrating slowly");
Serial.println("   ");
Serial.println(count);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Motor Deaccelrates");
break;

case 'A': // Anti-clockwise rotation
//analogWrite(speedPinA, 255); // Maximum PWM (speed)
digitalWrite(dir1PinA, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dir2PinA, LOW);
Serial.println("Anti-clockwise rotation");
Serial.println("   ");
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Anti-clockwise");
break;

default:
// Turn off the motor if any other key is being pressed
for (int thisPin = 2; thisPin < 11; thisPin++) {
digitalWrite(thisPin, LOW);
}
Serial.println("Wrong key is pressed");
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Wrong key is pressed");
  }
    }
      }

• In the previous tutorials, DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino and DC Motor Direction Control using Matlab we have learnt that how to control the direction of the DC motor.
• We used the commands C, A and S for the clockwise rotation, anti clockwise rotation and stopping the motor respectively.
• In this tutorial, we have added two further commands H and L for accelerating and de-accelerating the DC motor.
• If we send the command H different times consecutively the speed of the motor will increase continuously.
• If we send the command L different times consecutively, the speed of the motor will start to decrease.
• Now, upload the source code to your Arduino UNO's board.
• Open the serial monitor at the top right of the Arduino Software.
• And enter the commands in serial monitor periodically as explained above.

Actual Hardware Setup

• When we enter the command C in the serial monitor of the Arduino software. Motor will start rotating in the clockwise direction and a statement Clockwise rotation will be printed on serial port.
• The same statement will be printed on the LCD as well as shown in the figure below.

• When we enter the command A in the serial monitor of the Arduino software. Motor will start rotating in the anti clockwise direction and a statement Anti clockwise rotation will be printed on serial port.
• The same statement will be printed on the LCD as well as shown in the figure below.

• When we enter the command H in the serial monitor of the Arduino software. Motor will start accelerating and a statement Motor is accelerating will be printed on serial port.
• The same statement will be printed on the LCD as well as shown in the figure below.

• When we enter the command L in the serial monitor of the Arduino software. Motor will start to deaccelerate and a statement Motor Deaccelerates will be printed on serial port.
• The same statement will be printed on the LCD as well as shown in the figure below.

Thats all from the tutorial DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino UNO. I hope you have enjoyed this tutorial. If you face any sort of problem, you can ask me anytime without feeling any kind of hesitation. I will further explore my knowledge about Arduino projects in my later tutorials. Till then, Take care :)

DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino

Hello friends! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to share my knowledge with all of you about how to make a simple program for DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino. The word DC is basically an abbreviation of Direct current. So, a direct current motor is commonly used motor having two input terminals, one is positive and the other one is negative. If we connect these terminals with the voltage supply the motor will rotate. If you change the polarity then motor will rotate in opposite direction. You should also have a look at Difference between DC & AC Motors to get a better idea about these motors. DC motor has a lot of applications. You can use it in automation projects, for controlling static as well as mobile robots, in transport system, in pumps,fans,bowers and for industrial use as well. In this tutorial, I will do the DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino and L298 motor controller. Moreover, I have also used LCD which will give us the status of our DC Motor i.e. whether its moving in clockwise direction or anticlockwise. In my later tutorial I will control the same DC motor using NI LabVIEW 2015 and MATLAB. I have added the next tutorial on this project in which I have done the DC Motor Direction Control in MATLAB so in that project, I have used the same hardware but instead of controlling it from Arduino I have controled it using MATLAB so you must have a look at that tutorial.

DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino

In this tutorial, I will make a simple program to do the DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino. Arduino is basically an amazing micro controller and is very easy to use because it is an open source device. So, it is a student friendly device. You can also write Arduino programs for different purpose. Arduino is also a cost efficient device in comparison to the other micro-controllers e.g. raspberyy pi, NI-myRIO, galileo, single board RIO etc. First of all I prepared my complete hardware setup. Then I made a program and interfaced it with the hardware. We will discuss all the steps in detail below. The logic is pretty simple i.e. Arduino has to send commands to L298 motor controller and then L298 decides the DC Motor Direction Control by manipulating the Arduino commands. Before going into the detail, I want to show you the list of components required. You can download complete Arduino source file here:

Download Arduino Source Code Note: If you are working on DC Motor then you should also have a look at these Proteus Simulations:

• Speed Control of DC Motor using PIC Microcontroller.
• DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino in Proteus ISIS.
• Direction Control of DC Motor with Arduino in Proteus ISIS.
• DC Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS.

Components List & Description

Here's the complete list of the components required for designing DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino:

• Arduino UNO
• L298 motor controller
• DC motor
• Voltage regulator 7805
• Jumper wires
• 1kO resistor
• 1000µF capacitor
• 12V power supply
• LED
• Soldering iron
• Soldering wire
• 20×4 LCD

So, now let's discuss the main components for this project individually so that you get better idea of why these components are used in this DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino:

Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO is basically the back bone of this DC Motor Direction Control Project. It controls and leads the whole project. In this project, Arduino reads the commends from serial port and sends to L298 motor controller IC in order to control the direction of rotation of the DC motor. So, the Arduino has overall major control over the whole project.

Motor Controller L298

Motor Controller is used to control the direction of DC motor. It consists of an L298 motor driver IC which is capable of rotating the motor in both clockwise and anti clockwise directions by switching its pins from HIGH to LOW and vise versa. Moreover, it needs +12V, GND and +5V in order to power it up. So, we will design a voltage regulator which will step down 12V to 5V. So, let's have a look at this voltage driver in next part:  

Voltage Regulator

Voltage regulator is also the part of this design. In our daily life, we need to step up or to step down the voltages according to the requirements. Requirements vary with the different purpose. Small electronics components like micro-controller, LED, LCD etc. So the main purpose of voltage regulator is to step down the voltage from 12V to just 5V in order to fulfill the requirements of the electronic components. Step down transformer can also be used instead of voltage regulator. Due to the huge structure and cost we prefer to use voltage regulator. You should read How to Design a 5V Power Supply in Proteus to get better idea about this voltage regulator. The circuit diagram of the designed voltage regulator is shown in the figure below.

DC Motor

DC motor is the essential part of the different projects and our daily life. for example if we want to automate our house doors i.e if we want to open and close the doors automatically by detecting the person, motor plays a vital role here. Similarly in robotics, vacuum, blowers and air conditioners, DC motor has a wide range of applications. LED is used here to show whether the designed circuit is working properly or not. Like in mobile phones and laptops as we connect the charger it shows the charging indication. So, we must need some indication that everything is going fine and the circuit is working properly.

Jumper Wires

Jumper wires are used to make the connections between all of the components. Use small pieces of the jumper wires in order to give a better look to the designed circuit. If you are using longer wires for the connections, it will create complexity and causes many problems while operating the circuits.

Power Supply

12V power supply is used as the main power supply. As we know, to operate any of the electronic components or electronic appliances we must need the main power supply. Power supply can vary according to the power consumption of the electronic equipment. Here I am using a 12V DC power supply because it is a small and simple project with minimum power requirements.

LCD 20x4

LCD is used to visualize the commands sent to the serial port. It basially display us that which function is being performed at a particular time. A 20×4 LCD is used and is shown in the figure below. If you haven't worked on LCD before, then you should have a look at Circuit Designing of LCD with Arduino in Proteus ISIS.

Assembling of the Components

Here are the few steps followed while designing this DC Motor Direction Control using arduino:

• Connect the terminals of the DC motor with the output pins (OUT1 and OUT2) of L298 motor controller.
• Connect L298 motor controller's pin IN1 and IN2 with the Arduino UNO's pin 2 and 5 respectively.
• Now, connect ENA pin of L298 motor controller to the Arduino's pin 9.
• Connect the power supply to turn on the circuit.
• Make sure that you have supplied 12V, 5V and GND properly to the L298 motor controller.  

Circuit Diagram

Completely Assembled Diagram

Arduino Code Designing

After making all the connections properly, open your Arduino source code. If you are using Arduino for the first time then you should have a look at Installation of Arduino Driver in Windows.

• Attach the Arduino board with your PC and go to Search->Device Manager as shown in the figure below.

• Select the device manger and you can see different options here like Batteries, bluetooth radios, keyboards, monitors, ports etc.
• Open the Ports(COM & LPT) as shown in the figure below.
• See the COM Port supported by Arduino Board which COM5 in this case.

• Now open the Arduino software and go to Tools and select the Arduino board and the COM port properly.
• The description is shown in the figure given below.

• Just copy and paste the source code given below.

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
//Keyboard Controls:
//
// C - Clockwise
// S - Stop
// A - Anti-clockwise

// Declare L298N Controller pins
// Motor 1
int dir1PinA = 2;
int dir2PinA = 5;
int speedPinA = 7; // PWM control
LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);

void setup() { 
 
Serial.begin(9600); // baud rate

lcd.begin(20, 4);
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("DC Motor");
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print("Direction");
lcd.setCursor(5,2);
lcd.print("Control");
lcd.setCursor(2,3);
lcd.print("via Arduino UNO");
//Define L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Controller Pins

pinMode(dir1PinA,OUTPUT);
pinMode(dir2PinA,OUTPUT);
pinMode(speedPinA,OUTPUT);

}

void loop() {

// Initialize the Serial interface:

if (Serial.available() > 0) {
int inByte = Serial.read();
int speed; // Local variable

switch (inByte) {

case 'C': // Clockwise rotation
analogWrite(speedPinA, 255);//Sets speed variable via PWM 
digitalWrite(dir1PinA, LOW);
digitalWrite(dir2PinA, HIGH);
Serial.println("Clockwise rotation"); // Prints out “Motor 1 Forward” on the serial monitor
Serial.println("   "); // Creates a blank line printed on the serial monitor
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Clockwise rotation");
break;

case 'S': // No rotation
analogWrite(speedPinA, 0); // 0 PWM (Speed)
digitalWrite(dir1PinA, LOW);
digitalWrite(dir2PinA, LOW);
Serial.println("No rotation");
Serial.println("   ");
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print("No rotation");
break;

case 'A': // Anti-clockwise rotation
analogWrite(speedPinA, 255); // Maximum PWM (speed)
digitalWrite(dir1PinA, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dir2PinA, LOW);
Serial.println("Anti-clockwise rotation");
Serial.println("   ");
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(3,2);
lcd.print("Anti-clockwise");
break;

default:
// Turn off the motor if any other key is being pressed
for (int thisPin = 2; thisPin < 11; thisPin++) {
digitalWrite(thisPin, LOW);
}
Serial.println("Wrong key is pressed");
//lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("Wrong key is pressed");
  }
    }
      }

• Now, upload the source code onto the Arduino UNO board as shown below.

• In the above figure shows that the source code is uploading to the Arduino board.

   

• Done uploading shows that the source code has been uploaded successfully to the Arduino borad.
• Now, go to the Serial Monitor on the top right corner of the Arduino software.
• Press C, you can see the DC motor is rotating in the clockwise direction and statement Clockwise rotation will be printed on the Serial Monitor.
• Now, press S, the DC motor will stop and a statement No rotation will be print on the Serial Monitor.
• If you want to rotate DC motor in anti-clockwise direction, press A then, the statement Anti-Clockwise rotation will be printed on the Serial Monitor.
• I have made the logic in such a way that if you press any of the other buttons the DC motor will stop in reaction to that and the statement Wrong key is pressed will be printed on the Serial Monitor.
• All of the above steps are shown in the figure shown below.

   

Final Testing of DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino

• The screenshot of the actual circuitry for DC Motor Direction Control using Arduino is shown in the below figure:

• You can see in the above figure that we have attached Arduino UNO board with L298 Motor Driver and then we have attached DC Motor with Arduino UNO and LCD is used to show the current movement of Motor.
• Moreover we have also designed a small circuit which I have mentioned above and named as Voltage regulator, and it is used to step down 12V into 5V.

So, that's all from the tutorial DC motor Direction Control using Arduino. I hope you enjoyed this tutorial. In my next tutorials, I will interface this project with LabView and MATLAB. If you face any sort of problem, you can freely ask me anytime without feeling any kind of hesitation. So, will see you guys in next tutorial. Till then Take  care :)

How to use Arduino PWM Pins

Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, I am going to show you How to use Arduino PWM Pins. It's the next tutorial in our new Arduino Tutorial for Beginners series. We will design a small code in which we will be controlling a dc motor's speed using the Arduino PWM Pins but before going into the details, let me first give you an introduction to Arduino PWM Pins because without understanding the PWM, which is the abbreviation of Pulse Width Modulation, you won't be able to understand How to use Arduino PWM Pins. In our previous tutorial, we have seen How to use analogWrite in Arduino and I have told you in that tutorial that we use this command for PWM as well. So, today we will have a look at How to do that. PWM is an abbreviation of Pulse Width Modulation, its a simple technique in which we just modulate the width of a pulse to get our required results. Suppose, we have a 12V DC signal but my requirement is to get the 6V instetad of 12V so here what I need is PWM. I will use PWM on 12V signal and then reduce it to 6V. Another important thing related to PWM is duty cycle. Duty Cycle is the percentage for which the pulse remains HIGH. For example, if the pulse is of 12V and you turn it into 6V using PWM then the duty cycle of PWM is 50%. I have posted many tutorials on PWM for example you should have a look at How to Generate PWM in 8051 Microcontroller. In this tutorial, I have explained in detail about PWM signal. Moreover, you can also have a look at DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino in which I have controlled the speed of DC Motor with LDR Sensor. Anyways, let's get back to How to use Arduino PWM Pins:

How to use Arduino PWM Pins ???

• You can download the complete simulation along with its Arduino code for Arduino PWM by clicking the below button:

Download Simulation & Cod

• First of alll, we should know which pins of Arduino can be used for PWM purposes.
• So, if you have a look at the below figure, its an Arduino UNO and all the pins of Arduino UNO which has this sign "~" in front of them are PWM pins.

• If you have a look at the above Arduino UNO image then you can see that "~" this sign is placed in front of six pins.
• So, Arduino UNO PWM Pins are:
• Pin # 3
• Pin # 5
• Pin # 6
• Pin # 9
• Pin # 10
• Pin # 11
• Using these PWM Pins, you can create the PWM pulse which we are gonna do rite now. :)
• So, design a simulation in Proteus as shown in the below figure:

• As you can see in the above figure that I have used LDR Sensor with Arduino UNO and I have plotted the PWM output coming from Arduino UNO on the oscilloscope.
• For PWM output the command used in Arduino is:

analogWrite(PWM_Pin, PWM_Value);

• As, you can see its just an analog Write command and using it you can write any value to the PWM Pin ranging from 0 to 255.
• At 0 the duty cycle of PWM will be 0% and at 255 it will be 100%.
• So, what I did in the above example is I just take the analog value coming from LDR and then transferred it to PWM Pin of Arduino UNO.
• So, now upload the below code in your Arduino board:

int PWMControl= 6;
int PWM_Input = A0;

int PWM_Value = 0;

void setup() {
    pinMode(PWMControl, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(PWM_Input, INPUT);
    Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() 
{
    PWM_Value = analogRead(PWM_Input);
    PWM_Value = map(PWM_Value, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
    analogWrite(PWMControl, PWM_Value);
}

• So, now Get your Arduino Hex File and upload it in your Proteus software.
• You will also need to download Arduino Library for Proteus, if you wanna use this Arduino UNO in Proteus.
• Now, if everything goes fine then you will get results as shown in below figure:

• Now you can see in the above figure that I have shown the PWM pulse in the oscilloscope and now when you change the LDR value then this pulse's PWM will also change.
• You can download the complete simulation with Arduino code by clicking the button above.
• If you have any problems or issues in this Arduino PWM tutorial then let me know in comments.

I hope you have enjoyed today's post on Arduino PWM Pins and I would suggest you to have a look at DC Motor Speed Control using Arduino, it will help you a lot in understanding the basic concept of Arduino PWM. So, that's all about Arduino PWM, will see you guys in the next tutorial. Till then take care and have fun !!! :)

How to write Arduino code ?

Hello everyone, I hope you all are fine and having fun. In today's tutorial, I am going to show you How to write Arduino code. In the previous tutorial, we have seen the Simple Arduino LED Example so if you haven't read that tutorial then I must suggest you to read it first because I am gonna use the same simulation with some advancements in it. Moreover, you should also have a look at How to do Arduino Serial Communication because we are also gonna use Serial Port in today's tutorial and one more tutorial which you must read is How to use digitalRead in Arduino because we are dealing with digital pins here. So, I hope that you have read those tutorial and are ready to learn How to write Arduino code. So, let's have a look at How to write Arduino Code:

How to write Arduino code ?

• In the previous tutorial named as Arduino LED Example, we have designed a simulation in which I have made some changes and added few buttons in it.
• This new modified simulation is shown in below figure:

• You can see in the above figure that I have connected LEDs with all the digital Pins and Logic State with all the analog pins and a Virtual Terminal is connected with Pin # 0 and 1 of Arduino.
• You can download the complete simulation with Proteus code for this tutorial How to write Arduino Code by clicking the below button:

Download Simulation & Code

Note:

• We can also use Analog Pins as digital and that's what we are gonna do in today's tutorial.
• So, that's why I have placed digital logic state which is actually acting as a button here.
• Moreover, if you haven't worked with Virtual Terminal then you should read How to use virtual Terminal in Proteus.

• If you have a look at the previous code then you must have remembered that it was quite lengthy and I have mentioned that we will make it efficient in the next tutorial.
• So, now let's make a small code in which we will blink these LEDs one by one.
• But before going any further, you must first read Getting Started with Arduino Programming so that you also know the basics of Arduino Programming structure.
• So, now I am going to make a small function which I will call in the Main loop function every time I need to blink the LED.
• So, that lengthy code is now gonna compress to small code and is given below:

// ===== It's the First Version ========

int Led1 = 13;
int Led2 = 12;
int Led3 = 11;
int Led4 = 10;
int Led5 =  9;
int Led6 =  8;
int Led7 =  7;
int Led8 =  6;
int Led9 =  5;
int Leda =  4;
int Ledb =  3;
int Ledc =  2;

int Led = 0;

void setup() 
{
    pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led4, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led5, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led6, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led7, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led8, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led9, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Leda, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledb, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledc, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
    LedBlinkFunction(1);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(2);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(3);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(4);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(5);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(6);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(7);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(8);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(9);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(10);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(11);   
    delay(1000);
    LedBlinkFunction(12);   
    delay(1000);
    LedsOFF();
    delay(1000);
}

void LedBlinkFunction(int LedNo)
{
    if(LedNo == 1){Led = Led1;}
    if(LedNo == 2){Led = Led2;}
    if(LedNo == 3){Led = Led3;}
    if(LedNo == 4){Led = Led4;}
    if(LedNo == 5){Led = Led5;}
    if(LedNo == 6){Led = Led6;}
    if(LedNo == 7){Led = Led7;}
    if(LedNo == 8){Led = Led8;}
    if(LedNo == 9){Led = Led9;}
    if(LedNo ==10){Led = Leda;}
    if(LedNo ==11){Led = Ledb;}
    if(LedNo ==12){Led = Ledc;}
   
    digitalWrite(Led, HIGH);
}

void LedsOFF()
{
    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW);   
}

• You can see the above code is totally different from the one we have used in Arduino LED Example.
• In the above code I have created two functions named as LedBlinkFunction(int LedNo) and LedsOFF().
• So, that way, I have made the code short as well as efficient.
• So, now add this code in your Arduino sofware and Get your Arduino Hex File.
• Upload this hex file in Proteus and if everything goes fine then you will get results as shown in below figure:

• The abovecode is quite small as compared to the previous one but let's make it more short and efficient.
• Now, I am gonna use the For Loop which I haven't used before and that way I don't need to call that function every time instead I will just call it in For Loop so let's have a look at the below code:

// ===== It's the Second Version ===========

int Led1 = 13;
int Led2 = 12;
int Led3 = 11;
int Led4 = 10;
int Led5 =  9;
int Led6 =  8;
int Led7 =  7;
int Led8 =  6;
int Led9 =  5;
int Leda =  4;
int Ledb =  3;
int Ledc =  2;

int Led = 0;

void setup() 
{
    pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led4, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led5, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led6, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led7, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led8, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led9, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Leda, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledb, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledc, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
    for(int x = 1; x < 13; x++)
    {
        LedBlinkFunction(x);   
        delay(1000);
    }
    
    LedsOFF();
    delay(1000);
}

void LedBlinkFunction(int LedNo)
{
    if(LedNo == 1){Led = Led1;}
    if(LedNo == 2){Led = Led2;}
    if(LedNo == 3){Led = Led3;}
    if(LedNo == 4){Led = Led4;}
    if(LedNo == 5){Led = Led5;}
    if(LedNo == 6){Led = Led6;}
    if(LedNo == 7){Led = Led7;}
    if(LedNo == 8){Led = Led8;}
    if(LedNo == 9){Led = Led9;}
    if(LedNo ==10){Led = Leda;}
    if(LedNo ==11){Led = Ledb;}
    if(LedNo ==12){Led = Ledc;}
   
    digitalWrite(Led, HIGH);
}

void LedsOFF()
{
    for(int x = 2; x < 13; x++)
    {
        digitalWrite(x, LOW);
    }  
}

• Now, you can see in the above code that I have used the For Loop in Main Loop function as well as in LedsOFF() Function.
• And you can see the code has become quite small and more understanding.
• The result of this code is exactly the same as the First Code.
• Now let's have a look at those switches, I will design another code in which I will add different LEDs routines on each button press.
• Like if you press the first button then it will start from top and if you press the second button then it will start from bottom and similar functions on other buttons.
• So, here's the code which you need to add in your Arduino:

int Led1 = 13;
int Led2 = 12;
int Led3 = 11;
int Led4 = 10;
int Led5 =  9;
int Led6 =  8;
int Led7 =  7;
int Led8 =  6;
int Led9 =  5;
int Leda =  4;
int Ledb =  3;
int Ledc =  2;

int Led = 0;

int Button1 = A0;
int Button2 = A1;
int Button3 = A2;
int Button4 = A3;
int Button5 = A4;
int Button6 = A5;

void setup() 
{
    Serial.begin(9600);
    pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led4, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led5, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led6, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led7, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led8, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led9, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Leda, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledb, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledc, OUTPUT);

    pinMode(Button1, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(Button2, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(Button3, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(Button4, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(Button5, INPUT_PULLUP);
    pinMode(Button6, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

void loop() 
{
    if(digitalRead(Button1) == HIGH)
    {
        for(int x = 1; x < 13; x++)
        {
            LedBlinkFunction(x);   
            delay(1000);
        }
        
        LedsOFF();
        delay(1000);
    }

    if(digitalRead(Button2) == HIGH)
    {
        for(int x = 13; x > 0; x--)
        {
            LedBlinkFunction(x);   
            delay(1000);
        }
        
        LedsOFF();
        delay(1000);
    }

    if(digitalRead(Button3) == HIGH)
    {
        LedsON();
        delay(1000);
        LedsOFF();
        delay(1000);
    }

    if(digitalRead(Button4) == HIGH)
    {
        Serial.print("www.TheEngineeringProjects.com");
        while(digitalRead(Button4) == HIGH);
    }

    if(digitalRead(Button5) == HIGH)
    {
        if(Serial.available())
        {
            char data = Serial.read();
            data = data - 49;
            digitalWrite(data, HIGH);
        }
    }

    if(digitalRead(Button5) == HIGH)
    {
        
    }
}

void LedBlinkFunction(int LedNo)
{
    if(LedNo == 1){Led = Led1;}
    if(LedNo == 2){Led = Led2;}
    if(LedNo == 3){Led = Led3;}
    if(LedNo == 4){Led = Led4;}
    if(LedNo == 5){Led = Led5;}
    if(LedNo == 6){Led = Led6;}
    if(LedNo == 7){Led = Led7;}
    if(LedNo == 8){Led = Led8;}
    if(LedNo == 9){Led = Led9;}
    if(LedNo ==10){Led = Leda;}
    if(LedNo ==11){Led = Ledb;}
    if(LedNo ==12){Led = Ledc;}
   
    digitalWrite(Led, HIGH);
}

void LedsOFF()
{
    for(int x = 2; x < 14; x++)
    {
        digitalWrite(x, LOW);
    }  
}

void LedsON()
{
    for(int x = 2; x < 14; x++)
    {
        digitalWrite(x, HIGH);
    }  
}

• Now when you upload the code, you will get the similar results but now you must press the buttons and you will see different functionalities of LEDs.
• The results are given in the below video:

I hope you have enjoyed How to write Arduino code and are gonna get help from it. That's all about How to write Arduino code. So, will meet you guys in the next tutorial. Take care and have fun !!! :)

A Simple Arduino LED Example in Proteus

Hello friends, I hope all are fine and having fun with your projects. We have covered enough Arduino commands in this Arduino Tutorial for Beginners series and now we are ready to create a simple project by interfacing an LED (Light Emitting Diode). Today, I am going to share a very Simple Arduino LED Example in Proteus ISIS. First I will blink single LED using Arduino UNO and then I will blink multiple LEDs in Proteus. When you start working on Arduino then Arduino LED example is the first example which you must try because its the easiest one. Moreover, we all know that we have a small LED connected to pin # 13 on each Arduino so you can also check your Arduino as well that whether its working or not. So, let's get started with Simple Arduino LED Example in Proteus ISIS:

A Simple Arduino LED Example in Proteus

• You can download, all the simulation files and codes for Arduino LED examples used in this tutorial, by clicking the below button:

Download Simulation Files

• First of all, design a simple circuit of Arduino LED in Proteus ISIS as shown in below figure:

• Now as you can see in the above figure that I have used an LED on Pin # 13 of Arduino UNO.
• So, now upload the below sketch in your Arduino, its the Blink Example from Arduino, which works perfect for this Arduino LED Example:

void setup() {
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);              // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);              // wait for a second
}

• The above code is quite simple and you can see first we have used the pinMode Arduino Command to make the LED pin Output.
• After that, we have used Arduino digitalWrite Command to blink the LED.
• Now get the hex file from Arduino software and add it in your Proteus Arduino board.
• Once the hex file is uploaded in the Arduino then run your Arduino LED Proteus Simulation and if everything goes fine then your LED will start blinking as shown in below figure:

• Now you can see in the above figure that our LED at Pin # 13 started blinking.
• If you read the above code of Arduino LED exmaple then its quite simple, first of all I just make the Pin # 13 output and then I have made it HIGH and LOW with a delay of 1000 msec.
• You might wanna read How to use digitalRead in Arduino that will give you a better idea of How to deal with any digital pin.
• So, now let's add more LEDs on other digital Pins of Arduino.
• So, design a simulation as shown in the below figure:

• Now compile the below code in your Arduino software and Get your Arduino Hex file:

int Led1 = 13;
int Led2 = 12;
int Led3 = 11;
int Led4 = 10;
int Led5 =  9;
int Led6 =  8;
int Led7 =  7;
int Led8 =  6;
int Led9 =  5;
int Leda =  4;
int Ledb =  3;
int Ledc =  2;

void setup() 
{
    pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led3, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led4, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led5, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led6, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led7, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led8, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Led9, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Leda, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledb, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(Ledc, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
    digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW);    
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Ledc,  LOW); 
    delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(Led1,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led2,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led3,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led4,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led5,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led6,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led7,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led8,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Led9,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Leda,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledb,  LOW);
    digitalWrite(Ledc, HIGH); 
    delay(1000);
}

• Upload this hex file in your Proteus Arduino and then run your simulation.
• If everything goes fine then you will get all your LEDs blinking.
• I have shown a glimpse of its working in below figure:

• So, download the files and run your simulation and test it out.
• If you check the code then it seems quite lengthy but its very simple.
• I am just keeping one LED on and others OFF.
• Now, let me tell you one thing, this is not the best way of coding but for starters you should first try it out.
• In the coming lecture, I will teach you How to write Arduino Code Efficiently like I don't wanna add 100 lines just for such small work.

So, that's all for today. I hope you have enjoyed today's Arduino LED Example and are gonna test it. So, see you in next tutorial. Take care !!! :)

Home Automation Project using XBee & Arduino

Hello friends, I hope you all are fine and having fun with your lives. Today, I am going to share a new Home Automation Project using XBee & Arduino. Home Automation Project is a most commonly designed project by the engineering students. So, that's why I have thought to create a complete Home Automation Project so that engineering students can get benefit out of it.

We all know about automation which is originated from automate or automatic. In automation the task is done automatically and you don't need to control it. In normal Home automation project, there are few sensors which are displayed wirelessly to user and there are few controls like user can ON or OFF Lights, Fans etc via remote or mobile App.

In this Project, I have used Arduino UNO board and I have designed its complete working simulation in Proteus software, so that users got sure that its working perfectly. Because we have to work a lot in designing this complete working simulation of home Automation Project that's why its not free but you can buy it for a small price of $50. In this price, you will get the compelte Arduino code along with the working Proteus Simulation. But before buying this project, must have a look at the details below so that you are sure what you are buying. So, let's get started with Home Automation Project using XBee & Arduino.

Home Automation Project using XBee & Arduino

• You can buy the complete working Proteus Simulation along with the Arduino Programming Code by clicking the below button.
• You can pay via Paypal and the download link will be instantly available to you and if you don't have the PayPal account then use our Contact Us Form and we will find some other way for you.

Buy This Project

1: Overview

• First of all, let's have an overview of this Home Automation Project.
• In this Project, I have designed two simulations, one simulation is for Remote using which we are gonna control our appliances and the second simulation is for the controlling of these appliances.
• So, when you press buttons from your remote section, a wireless command will be sent to the control board and it will turn ON or OFF the respective load.
• Moreover, there's an LCD on the Remote on which you will also check the values of the sensors.
• So, in simple words, the remote will be in your hand and using this remote you can easily turn ON or OFF your appliances and can also check the status of your different sensors wirelessly.
• Let's first have a look at the remote section:

Remote Control:

• In Remote Control Section, I have used the below main modules:
  • Arduino UNO: Microcontroller Board.
  • KeyPad: Commands will be sent by clicking this Keypad's buttons.
  • LCD (20 x 4): For Displaying Sensor's Data & Commands.
  • XBee Module: It's an RF Module used for sending wireless commands.
• Now when you click any button on your Keypad, a command is sent from Arduino to XBee Module and the XBee module then forwards that command to other XBee on the Control Unit.
• Moreover, when the Control Unit sends the Sensors' data on xbee then Arduino receives that data and then displayed that data on LCD.
• Here's the block diagram of Remote control section which will give you a better idea of its working:

• Here's the Proteus Diagram of our Remote Section:

• In the above Proteus Simulation of Remote Control, you can see that we have Arduino UNO board which is connected with LCD, KeyPad and XBee Module.
• Working of this Remote section will be discussed in the later section.
• Now let's have a look at the Control Unit Side of Home Automation Project.

Note:You must also have a look at below tutorials because I have interfaced these modules separately with Arduino as well:

• XBee Library for Proteus.
• New LCD Library for Proteus.
• Interfacing of Arduino with XBee.

Control Unit:

• In the previous section, we had an overview of the Remote section, now let's have a look at the Control Unit.
• The Control Unit is the Unit which is being controlled by the Remote Control.
• The Main components of Control Unit are:
  • Arduino UNO: Microcontroller Board.
  • Relays: Used to control the appliances. I have added eight relays so you can control eight appliances.
  • Lamps: Indicating the Bulbs.
  • DC Motors: Indicating the Fans.
  • Smoke Sensor: Used to detect the Smoke.
  • Flame Sensor: Used for Fire detection.
  • DS18B20: Used to measure atmospheric temperature.

Note:

• In the simulation, I have used Lamps and DC Motors as appliances but if you are designing it on hardware then you can use any 220V appliance.
• But before adding it, you must understand the working of relays.So, have a look at below tutorials:
• What is relay and How to use it ?
• Interfacing of Relay with Microcontroller.

• On this Control unit, the Arduino UNO is getting the data from the smoke sensors and then sending this data via XBee to Remote Control.
• We have seen in the previous section that this data is then displayed over LCD.
• Moreover, when any button is pressed from the Remote Control, the command is received by this Arduino via XBee.
• On receiving this command, Arduino UNO then turns ON or OFF the respective relay which in turn ON or OFF the respective appliance.
• Here's the block diagram of this control unit:

• You can see in the above block diagram that I have connected three sensors with Arduino and Arduino is receving their values and then sending these values to the remote control via XBee.
• Moreover Relays are also connected to Arduino and then loads are further connected to these Relays.
• So, Arduino is controlling these Relays which in turn are controlling the loads.
• I have used eight relays and hence eight loads.
• The Loads I have used are all DC loads because Proteus doesn't have AC active loads in it but you can place AC loads as well.
• Here's the Proteus Simulation of Control Unit:

• You can see all the modules are present in it.
• Eight relays are present on the right side and their outputs are going into the loads.
• I have used four lamps and four DC Motors.
• Now let's have a look at their operation.

Note:You should also have a look at below tutorials in which I have interfaced these sensors separately with Arduino:

• Gas Sensor Library For Proteus.
• Flame Sensor Library for Proteus.
• Interfacing of Flame sensor with Arduino.
• Interfacing of Temperature Sensor 18B20 with Arduino.

2: Operation

• I have already mentioned their operation in above section so I am not gonna discuss it in detail.
• But let's have a little talk about their operation.
• First I am gonna discuss the operation of Remote Control:

Remote Control:

• The remote Control has an XBee module which is used for wireless communication.
• The Keypad has buttons on it so now when you press button "1" on the keypad then the Signal is sent via XBee to Control Unit.
• The control unit will automatically turn on the first load when it will receive the command from button "1" of Remote Control.
• When you press "1" for the first time then the first load will turn ON but when you press button "1" again then the first load will go off.
• So, its like if you want to turn it ON then press it and if you want to turn it OFF then press again. (Quite simple :P)
• As there are eigth loads, so button "1" to "8" are working for loads "1" to "8" respectively.
• Moreover, when sensor's data come from control unit then it is updated in the LCD of Remote Control.
• Now let's have a look at the operation of Control Unit:

Control Unit:

• As the Control Unit is concerned, it keeps on waiting for the command from remote and whenever a command is received from the Remote Control, it turns ON or OFF the respective load.
• Moreover, it also sends the data of sensors continuously to the Remote Control.
• For this wireless communication, XBee is used here.

3: Working

• This is the last section of this project where will will have a look at the working of the project.
• I haven't divided this section in parts instead I have create a video which will explain the working in detail.
• Here's the First look of Remote section image while working:

• Now when the Sensor's data come from the remote Section then it will be displayed in the LCD as shown in below figure:

• You can see in the above figure that both sensors are detecting and the temperature is also displayed in the LCD.
• Now the complete working of this project is shown in the below video which will give you complete idea of this project:

Note:

• If you buy this project and you are unable to run it properly then we will provide you free service and will make it work on your laptop perfectly. :)

So, that's all for today. I hope you have liked this Home Automation Project and are gonna buy this one. But again before buying it must read this tutorial and also watch the video so that you get complete understanding of this project.

DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock in Proteus

Hello everyone, today I am going to share a complete project which is DS1307 Arduino based digital Clock in Proteus ISIS. In this project, I have designed a digital clock using Arduino UNO and DS1307 RTC Module. So, first of all, if you haven't yet installed then, you should install Arduino Library for Proteus using which you will be able to easily simulate Arduino baords in Proteus. Along with Arduino Library you will also need to install DS1307 Library for Proteus, which I have shared in my previous post as we are gonna use this RTC Module DS1307 for designing our digital clock.

So, now I hope that you have installed both these libraries successfully and are ready to design this DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock. I have given the Simulation and Code for download below but as I always advise, don't just download the files. Instead design your own simulation and try to write your own code. In this way, you will learn more out of it. So, let's get started with DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock in Proteus ISIS:

DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock in Proteus

• You can download the complete Proteus Simulation along with Arduino Code by clicking the below button.
• You will also need DS1307 Library for Arduino, which is also available in this package.

Download Project Files

• Now, let's get started with designing of this DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock.
• So, first of all, design a circuit in Proteus as shown in below figure:

• You can see in the above figure that I have used Arduino UNO along with RTC module, LCD and the four buttons.
• These four buttons will be used to change the year,date etc as mentioned on each of them.
• Now here's the code for DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock.

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <DS1307.h>
#include <Wire.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(13,12,11,10,9,8);

int clock[7];

void setup(){
for(int i=3;i<8;i++){
 pinMode(i,INPUT); 
}

lcd.begin(20,2);
DS1307.begin();
DS1307.setDate(16,4,7,0,17,50,04);//ano,mes,dia,semana,horas,minutos,segundos
}

void loop(){
DS1307.getDate(clock);

lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Time: ");
Print(clock[4]);
lcd.print(":");
Print(clock[5]);
lcd.print(":");
Print(clock[6]);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Date: ");
Print(clock[1]);
lcd.print("/");
Print(clock[2]);
lcd.print("/");
lcd.print("20");
Print(clock[0]);

if(digitalRead(7)){
 clock[5]++;
 if(clock[5]>59) clock[5]=0;
 DS1307.setDate(clock[0],clock[1],clock[2],0,clock[4],clock[5],clock[6]);
 while(digitalRead(7));
}

if(digitalRead(6)){
 clock[4]++;
 if(clock[4]>23) clock[4]=0;
 DS1307.setDate(clock[0],clock[1],clock[2],0,clock[4],clock[5],clock[6]);
 while(digitalRead(6));
}

if(digitalRead(5)){
 clock[2]++;
  if(clock[2]>31) clock[2]=1;
 DS1307.setDate(clock[0],clock[1],clock[2],0,clock[4],clock[5],clock[6]);
 while(digitalRead(5));
}

if(digitalRead(4)){
 clock[1]++;
 if(clock[1]>12) clock[1]=1;
 DS1307.setDate(clock[0],clock[1],clock[2],0,clock[4],clock[5],clock[6]);
 while(digitalRead(4));
}

if(digitalRead(3)){
 clock[0]++;
 if(clock[0]>99) clock[0]=0;
 DS1307.setDate(clock[0],clock[1],clock[2],0,clock[4],clock[5],clock[6]);
 while(digitalRead(3));
}


delay(100);
}

void Print(int number){
lcd.print(number/10);
lcd.print(number%10);
}

• Now get your hex file from Arduino software and then upload it in your Proteus software.
• Now run your simulation and if everything goes fine, then it will look like something as shown in below figure:

• Now you can see its today's date in the LCD and the same is shown over on the small pop up of DS1307 Clock.
• Now the time will start on ticking and the buttons will used to change the minutes hours etc.
• You will get the better demonstration of this project in the below video.

So, that's all for today. I hope this projects DS1307 Arduino based Digital Clock will help you in some way. So see you in next post.

DC Motor Direction Control with Arduino in Proteus

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having fun with life. Today, I am going to share DC Motor Direction Control with Arduino. I have designed a complete simulation in Proteus, which will help you in understanding the controlling of DC motor. I would recommend you to first read How to Control relay in Proteus ISIS which will help you in understanding the functionality of relays because in today's tutorial, I have used relays to do the DC Motor Direction Control. I have already posted a tutorial on DC Motor Drive Circuit in Proteus ISIS.

So, for DC Motor Direction Control, I have used Arduino UNO baord, so you should also download this Arduino Library for Proteus so that you can use Arduino boards in Proteus software. I have also provide the simulation and the code for DC Motor Direction Control but I would recommend you to design it on your own so that you learn from it. If you have any problem then ask in comments and I will try to resolve them. In this project, I have used Serial Terminal. So, whenever someone, sends character "C" on serial terminal then the motor will move in Clockwise Direction and when someone sends character "A" then it will move in Anti-clockwise Direction and will stop on character "S". Anyways, lets get started with DC Motor Direction Control with Arduino in Proteus ISIS.

DC Motor Direction Control with Arduino in Proteus ISIS

• You can download the Proteus simulation for DC Motor Direction Control by clicking the below button:

Download Proteus Simulation for DC Motor

• So, now let's move on with designing it, first of all get the below components from Proteus and place them in your workspace:

• Now, design a circuit in Proteus software, as shown in below figure:

• You can see in the above figure that I have used two relays which I have used for DC Motor Direction Control.
• Moreover, there's a Virtual Terminal through which I am sending the commands.
• I have used Arduino UNO board for DC Motor Direction Control through Virtual Terminal. You should download the Arduino Library for Proteus so that you can use it in Proteus.
• Now upload the below code in your Arduino software and get the hex file. You should read how to get the Hex file from Arduino.

int Motor1 = 2;
int Motor2 = 3;

void setup() {
  pinMode(Motor1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Motor2, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  if(Serial.available())
  {
    char data = Serial.read();
    Serial.println(data);
    if(data == 'C'){MotorClockwise();}
    if(data == 'A'){MotorAntiClockwise();}
    if(data == 'S'){MotorStop();}
  }
}

void MotorAntiClockwise()
{
  digitalWrite(Motor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Motor2, LOW);
}

void MotorClockwise()
{
  digitalWrite(Motor1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(Motor2, HIGH);
}

void MotorStop()
{
  digitalWrite(Motor1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(Motor2, HIGH);
}

• In the above code, I have designed three functions which I am calling on Serial receive.
• The code is quite self explanatory but if you got problem then ask in comments and I will resolve them.
• Once everything's done then run your simulation and if you have done fine then it will start working as shown in below figure:

• Obviously, you can't see a moving DC motor in an image but you can get the idea from Relays position in above figure. :)
• The below video will give you the better idea of How it works.

So, that's all for today. Hopefully now you have got the idea of How to do DC Motor Direction Control with Arduino in Proteus ISIS. In the next tutorial, I am gonna add speed control of DC Motor. So, till then take care and have fun. :)

555 Timer Projects

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having fun with your lives. Today I am gonna post 555 Timer projects list which are already posted on our blog. Actually, I have posted many 555 Timer Projects on my blog but we don't have a list of these tutorials and they are quite scattered. So, today I thought to arrange them in a proper list so that you can find all of them in one place. All these 555 timer projects are simulated in my favorite simulating software Proteus. I have also given their simulations for download in almost all tutorials. If you feel problem in any of them then ask in comments and I will resolve them.

All these 555 Timer Projects and tutorials are written and designed completely by our team so we hold the complete ownership for these projects. Other bloggers are welcome to share them on their blogs to spread knowledge but do mention our post link as we have done a lot of work and effort in designing these tutorials and projects. :)

I will keep on updating this list in future as I am gonna add more projects on 555 Timer, I will add their links below. So, enough with the talking, let's get started with 555 Timer projects.

555 Timer Projects

I have divided these projects and tutorials in different sections depending on their complexity. Follow all these tutorials step by step and you are gonna be expert in 555 Timer real soon. I will keep on updating this list in future, whenever I am gonna add new project on 555 Timer, I will post the link here.

Basics of 555 Timer

Below tutorials will give you the basics of 555 Timer IC. So these tutorials are kind of must because if you don't know the basics of any integrated chip then how can you use it in your ciruits. So must read them once and then move to next section:

• What is 555 Timer ???

555 Timer Projects - Basics

I hope you have read the basics of 555 Timer, so now here's time to get started with 555 Timer Projects. These projects are designed in Proteus simulating software and are working perfectly. Simulations are given for download in most of these tutorials. So, lets get started:

• LED Flashing Project with 555 Timer
• Multiple LED Flashing Project with 555 Timer
• Sequential LED Flashing Project with 555 Timer
• LED Dimming Project with 555 Timer

555 Timer Projects - Advanced

Now I think you are quite expert in 555 Timer and have done the basic projects so now its time to move to the next level and design advance level projects with 555 Timer. In these projects we are gonna interface difference electronic modules with 555 Timer.

• Seven Segment Display with 555 Timer
• Angle Control of Servo Motor with 555 Timer
• Relay Control with 555 Timer
• Traffic Signal Control with 555 Timer
• Capacitive Touch Sensor with 555 Timer
• Circuit Diagram of IR Sensor with 555 Timer