Hi, my friends. Welcome to share a new tutorial in our ladder logic programming series. Today we will discuss counters in ladder logic programming using an expert’s view. So let’s wear the glasses of an expert in ladder logic programming and look deeply into counters, the types of counters, their variables and bits. In addition, techniques of using counters to solve a different kinds of problems that need counting. And without questions like every time, we will enjoy practicing programming and simulating all about counters. So with no further delay, let’s jump into our tutorial and nail that counters.
Counters in real life
Tell me, guys, if you can imagine an industrial project or machine that does not need to count parts, products, or processing cycles. Actually, in most cases in indust ...
We are familiar with multiple features of the ESP32 module. Like Wi-Fi capabilities, classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), inbuilt sensors etc.
Hello readers, I hope you all are doing great. We have already mentioned in our previous tutorials that, ESP32 is also featured with a Dual-Core Processor. Which provides better performance and efficiency.
In this tutorial, we will learn how to use ESP32’s dual cores. ESP32 has two (32-bit each) Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessors namely, core0 and core1 which makes it a powerful dual-core microcontroller and hence stands apart from its predecessors.
When we compile and upload a code using Arduino IDE, we do not have to worry about which core executes the code. It just runs.
Fig. 1 ESP32 dual-co ...
Hi Guys! Hope you’re well today. Happy to see you around. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to BSS123.The BSS123 is an N-Channel Logic Level Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor that comes in surface mount package SOT-23. It is a rugged and reliable device that comes with a drain-source voltage of around 100V while the gate-source voltage is -+20V. It is mainly used in low voltage and low current applications like servo motor control and switching and amplification applications.
I suggest you buckle up as I’ll detail the complete Introduction to BSS123 covering datasheet, pinout, features, and applications. Let’s get started.
Introduction to BSS123
The BSS123 is an N-Channel Logic Level Enhancement Mode Field Effect Transistor that comes in surface mou ...
Hi Guys! Hope you’re well. In this post today, we’ll cover What is IGBT? We’ll also discuss IGBT Full Form, Pinout, Meaning, Symbol & Working.BJT (bipolar junction transistor) and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) are commonly used electronic switches that we’ve already studied in detail. These devices are useful when you deal with low-current applications, however, when it comes to high-current applications, these devices don’t work as expected. This is where the IGBT transistor comes in handy. This device is a combination of both BJT and MOSFET and stands fit for high-current applications.
In this post, we’ll cover What is IGBT in detail.
Let’s get started:1. What is IGBT?
IGBT is a three-pin device made of semiconductor material and is used for fast- ...
Hello everyone! I hope you all will be absolutely fine and having fun. Today, I am going to share my knowledge about Introduction to LM380. LM-380 is an audio amplifier, specially designed for the customer's power audio amplification purposes. Its designers fix its gain internally up to 34dB. In LM 380, ground reference signal is allowed by a unique input stage and the output automatically maintains its level to half of the supplied input voltage.
LM-380 has a copper lead frame. The three pins in the middle of the IC on both side, are basically the ground pins. These three pins on both sides makes it easy for the user to use this device for standard PC's. LM 380 has several different features e.g. wide supply voltage range, high peak current, lo ...
Hey Guys! I hope you all are doing great. In the previous tutorial, we studied the basics of Semiconductors, where we briefly discussed the PN Junction. Today, we are going to have a detailed overview of PN Junction.
But before getting into the details of PN Junction, we need to first recall a few concepts from the previous lecture:
Semiconductor Basics
As we know, the conductive power of a semiconductor material lies between a conductor and an insulator. So, it can act as a pure conductor as well as a pure insulator, depending on the applied conditions. Semiconductors are divided into two types:
Intrinsic Semiconductor.
Extrinsic Semiconductor.
Intrinsic Semiconductor
A semiconductor in its pure form is called an Intrinsic semiconductor. In this state, the outermost valan ...
Hello learners, Welcome to another tutorial on signals and systems. We are learning about the responses of the signals. We all have experience in situations where the change in the frequency of a system, such as radios or control systems, results in a change in the working or result of that system. So we have the idea that frequencies play an important role in different types of systems. In the previous lecture, we saw the impulse response of the system. Our mission today is to learn about the frequency response of the LTI system. We will learn all the basic information about the topic and will revise some important points as well. To do this, have a look at today’s concepts:
What is the LTI system?
What is frequency response?
How is frequency response performed without the function i ...
Hello Friends! I am back again to fill your appetite with more knowledge and skills. Today, I am going to explain the details on the Introduction to BF259. It is a bipolar NPN (negative-positive-negative) silicon transistors which comes in metal casing. It consists of one P layer that lies between the two layers of N doped semiconductor. I am going to cover all aspects related to this bipolar transistor. Let's get started and have a look, how it works and what are the applications it finds useful.
Introduction to BF259
BF259 is a bipolar silicon transistor which is made up of two N doped layer and one P doped layer.
It is mainly a three terminal device which consists of emitter base and collector.
P terminal of the transistor acts like a ba ...
Hello readers, I hope you all are doing great. In this tutorial, we will learn how to send an email using ESP32 module. We will also learn to send text files, images or some sensor readings using the SMTP server using the ESP32 module.
In IoT (Internet of things), there are various applications where we need to send emails carrying information like sending some sensor readings, altering emails, images, text files and much more.
What is SMTP?
SMTP or simple mail transfer protocol is an internet standard for sending and receiving electronic mail (or email) where an SMTP server receives emails from the email client.
SMTP is also used for setting communication between servers.
Various email providers like Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, etc. have unique SMTP ...
Hello friends! Welcome to the Engineering components. Today, We are talking about the very common topic of electronic devices. In this tutorial, we'll pick very common components and learn about their role in circuits. If you are a beginner in the world of electronics, you must read this article till the end because we'll learn all the things from scratch till the completion of the circuit. In this article, you will learn:
Introduction to electronic circuits
Categories of electronic circuits.
Introduction to Resistor and Capacitor.
What are RC Circuits?
Simulation of R Circuits in Proteus ISIS.
Let's look at the description.
Introduction to Electronic Circuits
We come across many circuits in our daily lives, some of them are electrical circuits and some are electron ...
