After reading this post, you will also get the skilled hand on timer interrupt and can understand them more easily. In today's post, I am gonna design a digital clock which will increment after every one second and we will calculate this one second increment using timer interrupt. This clock will be displayed on LCD so if you are not familiar with LCD then must read Interfacing of LCD with 8051 Microcontroller. You can also implement this digital clock with any other microcontroller like Arduino or PIC Microcontroller but today we are gonna implement it on 8051 Microcontroller. The complete simulation along with code is given at the end of this post but my suggestion is to design it on your own so that you get most of it. Use our code and simulation as a guide. So, let's get started with Interrupt based Digital clock with 8051 Microcontroller. :)
#include<reg51.h>
//Function declarations
void cct_init(void);
void delay(int);
void lcdinit(void);
void WriteCommandToLCD(int);
void WriteDataToLCD(char);
void ClearLCDScreen(void);
void InitTimer0(void);
void UpdateTimeCounters(void);
void DisplayTimeToLCD(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int);
void WebsiteLogo();
void writecmd(int);
void writedata(char);
//*******************
//Pin description
/*
P2.4 to P2.7 is data bus
P1.0 is RS
P1.1 is E
*/
//********************
// Defines Pins
sbit RS = P1^0;
sbit E = P1^1;
// Define Clock variables
unsigned int usecCounter = 0;
unsigned int msCounter = 0;
unsigned int secCounter = 0;
unsigned int minCounter = 0;
unsigned int hrCounter = 0;
// ***********************************************************
// Main program
//
void main(void)
{
cct_init(); // Make all ports zero
lcdinit(); // Initilize LCD
InitTimer0(); // Start Timer0
// WebsiteLogo();
while(1)
{
if( msCounter == 0 ) // msCounter becomes zero after exact one sec
{
DisplayTimeToLCD(hrCounter, minCounter, secCounter); // Displays time in HH:MM:SS format
}
UpdateTimeCounters(); // Update sec, min, hours counters
}
}
void writecmd(int z)
{
RS = 0; // This is command
P2 = z; //Data transfer
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
}
void writedata(char t)
{
RS = 1; // This is data
P2 = t; //Data transfer
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
}
void cct_init(void)
{
P0 = 0x00; //not used
P1 = 0x00; //not used
P2 = 0x00; //used as data port
P3 = 0x00; //used for generating E and RS
}
void InitTimer0(void)
{
TMOD &= 0xF0; // Clear 4bit field for timer0
TMOD |= 0x02; // Set timer0 in mode 2
TH0 = 0x05; // 250 usec reloading time
TL0 = 0x05; // First time value
ET0 = 1; // Enable Timer0 interrupts
EA = 1; // Global interrupt enable
TR0 = 1; // Start Timer 0
}
void Timer0_ISR (void) interrupt 1 // It is called after every 250usec
{
usecCounter = usecCounter + 250; // Count 250 usec
if(usecCounter==1000) // 1000 usec means 1msec
{
msCounter++;
usecCounter = 0;
}
TF0 = 0; // Clear the interrupt flag
}
void WebsiteLogo()
{
writecmd(0x95);
writedata('w'); //write
writedata('w'); //write
writedata('w'); //write
writedata('.'); //write
writedata('T'); //write
writedata('h'); //write
writedata('e'); //write
writedata('E'); //write
writedata('n'); //write
writedata('g'); //write
writedata('i'); //write
writedata('n'); //write
writedata('e'); //write
writedata('e'); //write
writedata('r'); //write
writedata('i'); //write
writedata('n'); //write
writedata('g'); //write
writecmd(0xd8);
writedata('P'); //write
writedata('r'); //write
writedata('o'); //write
writedata('j'); //write
writedata('e'); //write
writedata('c'); //write
writedata('t'); //write
writedata('s'); //write
writedata('.'); //write
writedata('c'); //write
writedata('o'); //write
writedata('m'); //write
writecmd(0x80);
}
void UpdateTimeCounters(void)
{
if (msCounter==1000)
{
secCounter++;
msCounter=0;
}
if(secCounter==60)
{
minCounter++;
secCounter=0;
}
if(minCounter==60)
{
hrCounter++;
minCounter=0;
}
if(hrCounter==24)
{
hrCounter = 0;
}
}
void DisplayTimeToLCD( unsigned int h, unsigned int m, unsigned int s ) // Displays time in HH:MM:SS format
{
ClearLCDScreen(); // Move cursor to zero location and clear screen
// Display Hour
WriteDataToLCD( (h/10)+0x30 );
WriteDataToLCD( (h%10)+0x30 );
//Display ':'
WriteDataToLCD(':');
//Display Minutes
WriteDataToLCD( (m/10)+0x30 );
WriteDataToLCD( (m%10)+0x30 );
//Display ':'
WriteDataToLCD(':');
//Display Seconds
WriteDataToLCD( (s/10)+0x30 );
WriteDataToLCD( (s%10)+0x30 );
}
void delay(int a)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<a;i++); //null statement
}
void WriteDataToLCD(char t)
{
RS = 1; // This is data
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= (t&0xF0); // Write Upper nibble of data
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= ((t<<4)&0xF0);// Write Lower nibble of data
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
}
void WriteCommandToLCD(int z)
{
RS = 0; // This is command
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= (z&0xF0); // Write Upper nibble of data
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= ((z<<4)&0xF0);// Write Lower nibble of data
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
}
void lcdinit(void)
{
///////////// Reset process from datasheet /////////
delay(15000);
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= (0x30&0xF0); // Write 0x3
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
delay(4500);
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= (0x30&0xF0); // Write 0x3
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
delay(300);
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= (0x30&0xF0); // Write 0x3
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
delay(650);
P2 &= 0x0F; // Make P2.4 to P2.7 zero
P2 |= (0x20&0xF0); // Write 0x2
E = 1; // => E = 1
delay(150);
E = 0; // => E = 0
delay(150);
delay(650);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WriteCommandToLCD(0x28); //function set
WriteCommandToLCD(0x0c); //display on,cursor off,blink off
WriteCommandToLCD(0x01); //clear display
WriteCommandToLCD(0x06); //entry mode, set increment
}
void ClearLCDScreen(void)
{
WriteCommandToLCD(0x01); // Clear screen command
delay(1000);
}
So, today I am not gonna go into the details of this temperature sensor. Instead let's start with Interfacing of LM35 with PIC Microcontroller. I have used Proteus software for simulation purposes but you can also test it on hardware. It will work fine on hardware as I have already tested it. I have used PIC 16F876A Microcontroler for this simulation and the PIC Compiler used for writing the programming code is MikroC Pro for PIC. If you have any problem then as k in comments and I will try to resolve them as soon as possible.
I have already posted the tutorial on Arduino and today we are having a look at interfacing of LM35 with PIC Microcontroller and soon I will also post the tutorial on Interfacing of LM35 with 8051 Microcontroller. ITs a simple sensor which you can interface with any kind of Microcontroller like PIC, Atmel, Arduino or 8051 Microcontroller. Anyways let's get started with interfacing of LM35 with PIC Microcontroller.
Download LM35 Code and Simulation
// LCD module connections
sbit LCD_RS at RB4_bit;
sbit LCD_EN at RB5_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RB0_bit;
sbit LCD_D5 at RB1_bit;
sbit LCD_D6 at RB2_bit;
sbit LCD_D7 at RB3_bit;
sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB4_bit;
sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB5_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB0_bit;
sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISB1_bit;
sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISB2_bit;
sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISB3_bit;
// End LCD module connections
char display[16]="";
void Move_Delay() { // Function used for text moving
Delay_ms(500); // You can change the moving speed here
}
void main() {
unsigned int result;
float volt,temp;
trisb=0;
trisa=0xff;
adcon1=0x80;
lcd_init();
lcd_cmd(_lcd_clear);
lcd_cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);
lcd_out(3,2,"www.TheEngineering");
lcd_out(4,5,"Projects.com");
while(1)
{
result=adc_read(0);
volt=result*4.88;
temp=volt/10;
lcd_out(1,1,"Temp = ");
floattostr(temp,display);
lcd_out_cp(display);
lcd_chr(1,14,223); //print at pos(row=1,col=13) "°" =223 =0xdf
lcd_out_cp("C"); //celcius
//delay_ms(1000);
//Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
}
}
Now coming towards interrupt, interrupt is interrupt :P Yeah really, we call it interrupt because its an interrupt. In programming codes there are many things which needs to run in background and appear when its time for them to appear. Here where interrupt comes handy. Interrupt is kind of a background code which keeps on running in the background while the main code keeps on running in front but when the interrupt condition is fullfilled then it interrupts the main program and executes the functions defined in it. For Timer interrupts, suppose I wanna blink my LED after every 2 seconds then what will I do is I will start a timer for 2 seconds and when this timer completes I will generate an interrupt. So, in this way after every two seconds the led will blink. So, let's start with timers interrupt in 8051 Microcontroller and see how we are gonna do this.
As I explained earlier, we are gonna use Timer interrupt in 8051 Microcontroller. so, now before gong into the details, let me first throw some light on how we are gonna implement this. Timers count from 0 to 255 in 8 bit mode as in 8 bit 255 is the maximum value and when timer hits the 255 number then we say that our timer is overflowed. Now when timer overflows, then it sends us a indication using which we generate our intterupt. In timers, there are few registers in which they store their value. If we are talking about Timer0 then timer0 stores its value in TL0 register. Now suppose I want my timer to start counting from 10 instead 0 then I will store 10 in my TL0 register and it will count from 10 instead 0 and when it reaches 255 it will overflow. Now when Timer0 will overflow then it will make TF0 bit HIGH. TF0 is another register value, if its 1 then it means that our timer is full and if its 0 then it means our timer is still counting. So, that's how we count from our timer and check the pin TF0. Now first of all, I am gonna use Timer0 and then we will have a quick look at Timer1.
#include<reg51.h>
// Out Pin
sbit Out = P2^0; // Pin P2.0 is named as Out
//Function declarations
void cct_init(void);
void InitTimer0(void);
int main(void)
{
cct_init(); // Make all ports zero
InitTimer0(); // Start Timer0
while(1) // Rest is done in Timer0 interrupt
{
}
}
void cct_init(void)
{
P0 = 0x00;
P1 = 0x00;
P2 = 0x00;
P3 = 0x00;
}
void InitTimer0(void)
{
TMOD &= 0xF0; // Clear 4bit field for timer0
TMOD |= 0x02; // Set timer0 in mode 2
TH0 = 0x05; // 250 usec reloading time
TL0 = 0x05; // First time value
ET0 = 1; // Enable Timer0 interrupts
EA = 1; // Global interrupt enable
TR0 = 1; // Start Timer 0
}
void Timer0_ISR (void) interrupt 1 // It is called after every 250usec
{
Out = ~Out; // Toggle Out pin
TF0 = 0; // Clear the interrupt flag
}
Download Timer0 Code and Simulation
#include<reg51.h>
// Out Pin
sbit Out = P2^0; // Pin P2.0 is named as Out
//Function declarations
void cct_init(void);
void InitTimer1(void);
int main(void)
{
cct_init(); // Make all ports zero
InitTimer1(); // Start Timer1
while(1) // Rest is done in Timer1 interrupt
{
}
}
void cct_init(void)
{
P0 = 0x00;
P1 = 0x00;
P2 = 0x00;
P3 = 0x00;
}
void InitTimer1(void)
{
TMOD &= 0x0F; // Clear 4bit field for timer1
TMOD |= 0x20; // Set timer1 in mode 2
TH1 = 0x05; // 250 usec reloading time
TL1 = 0x05; // First time value
ET1 = 1; // Enable Timer1 interrupts
EA = 1; // Global interrupt enable
TR1 = 1; // Start Timer 1
}
void Timer1_ISR (void) interrupt 3 // It is called after every 250usec
{
Out = ~Out; // Toggle Out pin
TF1 = 0; // Clear the interrupt flag
}
Download Timer1 Code and Simulation
That's all for today, I hope you guys have got something out of today's post and gonna like this one. In the coming post, I am gonna design some simple project on 8051 Microcontroller in which I will use these Timers, then you will get know more about them. So, stay tuned and subscribe us by email. Take care !!! :)
8051 Microcontroller, as we all know, is another Microcontroller series just like PIC Microcontroller or Arduino etc. The benefit of 8051 Microcontrollers is that they are quite cheap and easily available so if you are going to design some product then its better to use 8051 Microcontroller instead of PIC Microcontroller or Arduino etc. As they are cheap so they also come with a disadvantage which is that they are not much rich with features. Few of 8051 Microcontrollers doesn't even support Serial Communication. So, before choosing it for your project, must check their datasheet to confirm that they are suitable for your projects.
In most of these below projects, I have designed the complete simulation in Proteus and the code is also given but my suggestions is don't simply download the simulation and run it. Instead design the simulation from scratch and then design your code and run the simulation on your own. Consider my codes and simulations as a guide but dont get dependent on them as then you are not gonna get anything. Anyways let's get started with 8051 Microcontroller Projects.
Below are mentioned all the 8051 Microcontrollers Projects, which I have shared on this blog. You can check these projects and can also download their simulations designed in Proteus. I have given codes for most of these projects but few are paid, which you can buy from our shop at a quite minimal rate.
These are basic projects and are best for beginner level programmers. If you are new to 8051 Microcontroller then first read these projects. These all projects contain complete codes as well as the Proteus simulation so you can quite easily test them in Proteus software and can edit the codes and learn from it.
These are Intermediate level 8051 Microcontroller Projects. If you wanna do these projects then you must first learn or atleast have a look at basic 8051 Microcontroller projects as they are using same components as we interfaced in basic level. If you feel any problem then ask in comments.
That's all for today, but I am gonna add more projects in it and will keep on updating the list. Subscribe us and get these exciting tutorials straight to your mail box.Update: Here are the latest versions of this library: PIR Sensor Library for Proteus V3.0 and PIR Sensor Library for Proteus V2.0.
Hello friends, hope you are doing well. Today, I will share a new PIR Sensor Library for Proteus. PIR Sensor module is not available in Proteus so we can't use it in our simulations. But today, I will share a new PIR Sensor Library for Proteus which can easily simulate PIR Sensor in Proteus software. We are quite happy that we are helping engineers by sharing these new Proteus Libraries.
We all know about PIR Sensor but if you don't know then first read Interfacing of PIR Sensor with Arduino.
As a quick review, a PIR sensor is used to detect motion in the environment and is commonly known as a motion sensor. It's quite helpful in security projects where you need to detect motion. For example in some bank vault where there's no possibility of motion, you can place this sensor and can check if there's any movement. It is also used in home automation i.e. if there's no movement in some room, turn off its appliances. So, in short, the PIR sensor has numerous uses and is used quite a lot in engineering projects.
First of all, I will show you today, How to download this PIR Sensor Library for Proteus and then we will also design a small simulation in Proteus in which I will interface this PIR Sensor with Arduino UNO. You can interface it with any microcontroller i.e. PIC Microcontroller or 8051 Microcontroller. But today, I will interface it with an Arduino microcontroller. As homework, you guys interface it with a PIC Microcontroller or 8051 Microcontroller and share it in comments, it may help others. So, let's get started with the PIR Sensor Library for Proteus:
#define pirPin 2
int calibrationTime = 30;
long unsigned int lowIn;
long unsigned int pause = 5000;
boolean lockLow = true;
boolean takeLowTime;
int PIRValue = 0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(pirPin, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
PIRSensor();
}
void PIRSensor()
{
if(digitalRead(pirPin) == HIGH)
{
if(lockLow)
{
PIRValue = 1;
lockLow = false;
Serial.println("Motion detected.");
delay(50);
}
takeLowTime = true;
}
if(digitalRead(pirPin) == LOW)
{
if(takeLowTime){lowIn = millis();takeLowTime = false;}
if(!lockLow && millis() - lowIn > pause)
{
PIRValue = 0;
lockLow = true;
Serial.println("Motion ended.");
delay(50);
}
}
}
That's all for today, hope you have enjoyed it and gonna use it in your projects. If you get into any trouble, ask in the comments and I will try to resolve them as soon as possible. Take care !!! :)
As its the first version of our XBee Library for Proteus so its not quite perfect and can't do the complex tasks such as analog inputs etc. It will just do the serial communication. This xbee module has two pins TX and RX and you can do your communication with it quite easily. We have designed this XBee Library for Proteus, after quite a lot of effort and we are quite proud that we are presenting it first time for Proteus. Other bloggers are welcome to share this library on their blogs to share the knowledge but do mention our blog post link in your post. :) You should also have a look at XBee Arduino Interfacing. So, let's get started with it.
Other bloggers are welcome to share this library and its my humble request that do mention our blog in credits. :) The GPS module, I have designed for Proteus is a simple GPS which has TX and RX pins and when you start the simulation, this module starts sending the NMEA data on its TX pin, which you can easily check using Virtual Terminal. I am gonna show you how to check it in today's post. Another important thing, obviously in Proteus Simulation we can't get the actual values of longitude,latitude etc, so in our model, I have used the dummy values for all these data. The benefit of this module is that you can easily design your code for GPS and can test it in your simulation. Plus, its design is cool as well. ;)
Note:Update: Here are the latest versions of this library: Arduino Library for Proteus V3.0 and Arduino Library for Proteus V2.0.
Hello friends, I hope you all are fine. In today's tutorial, I am going to share a new Arduino Library for Proteus. I am quite excited about today's post as it's my first complete Arduino Library for Proteus. In my previous tutorials, I have shared these Arduino boards in separate Proteus libraries but today I have combined all the boards together in a single library. You just need to download the Proteus library zip file and install it in Proteus software. You will get all the Arduino boards in your Proteus workspace. You should also give a try to Genuino Library for Proteus.
We have tested all the boards with different types of sensors. So, now you can easily use Arduino in Proteus and can simulate any kind of project. If you have any issues, you can ask in the comments or use our forum to post your queries. Here's the video tutorial on How to install and use this Arduino Proteus Library:
This Arduino Library for Proteus is unique in its kind because there's no such library posted before that has as many boards as we have in our Library. We have added almost all the basic Arduino boards to it and we are also working on advanced boards i.e. Arduino DUE, Arduino YUN etc. You should also have a look at the Arduino Tutorial for Beginners. This Proteus Arduino Library consists of the following boards:
So, let's get started with Arduino Library for Proteus:
Note:You should also download these Proteus libraries of different sensors & modules. Other Proteus Libraries are as follows:
That's all for today. I hope you have enjoyed this Arduino Library for Proteus and will benefit from it. Share your opinions about it in the comments below and help us to help you out. :)
Update: Here are the latest versions of this library: Arduino Nano Library for Proteus V3.0 and Arduino Nano Library for Proteus V2.0.
Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having fun with your lives. In today's post, I am going to share a new Arduino Nano Library for Proteus. Arduino Nano is also a microcontroller board just like Arduino UNO but the advantage of Arduino Nano over Arduino UNO is its small size.
Arduino Nano is quite small in size and hence can be used in such projects where we need to use smaller PCBs. For example, I once worked on a project in which I needed to design a test cricket bat.
In that project, I used IMU along with Arduino Nano and placed the complete kit over the bat. As I need to place the electronic kit over the bat so it has to be quite small, that's why I have used Arduino Nano instead of Arduino UNO board. So, now I hope you got the idea of where to use Arduino Nano instead of Arduino UNO.
Now, coming to Proteus software, in Proteus we don't have the default board for Arduino Nano so that's why I have designed this Arduino Nano Library for Proteus, using which you can quite easily use the Arduino Nano board in Proteus and can test your code quite easily. I have already posted the Arduino UNO Library for Proteus and have also posted the Arduino Mega 2560 Library for Proteus. So, today I am posting the third Arduino Library for Proteus. Hope you are going to like it as well.
In the next tutorials, I will share more Arduino Libraries for Proteus. I am working on Arduino Mini and Arduino Pro Mini as well. So, I will post their libraries too once I get them completed. I am also planning on designing the Sim900D Library for Proteus but till now I haven't started it. I am planning to post a complete Arduino Library at the end in which you just need to install one library and all the Arduino boards will come in Proteus. Anyways, let's get started with the Arduino Nano Library for Proteus.
Note: I have added all the Arduino boards in a single library. This library contains six Arduino boards which are Arduino UNO, Arduino Mega 2560, Arduino Mega 1280, Arduino Nano, Arduino Mini and Arduino Pro Mini. You can download this complete Arduino Library by checking the Arduino Library for Proteus.
That's all for today. In the coming post, I will share the Arduino Mini and Arduino Pro Mini Library for Proteus. You should also have a look at these Arduino Projects for Beginners. So stay tuned and have fun!!! :)