Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at a detailed Introduction to HC-12 . It is a wireless data transmitter and receiver module, that uses 433 megahertz frequency and can communicate to one thousand meter distance. It can communicate with more than one microcontroller. This module operates from 3.2 volts to 5.5 volts. Libraries HC-12 Simulation Libraries Latest library: HC-12 Library for Proteus V1.1 (October 2026) Other RF modules: nRF24L01 · nRF24L01 PA LNA · CC1101 · RFM69HCW · 433MHz RF · XBee Helping Tools Serial Monitor Advance : a serial terminal window for the UART of your board Serial Monitor Expert : the serial monitor with extra debugging tools LCD Library for Proteus V3.0 : 16x2, 20x4 and I2C LCDs to show your readings This Bl ...
Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at What is Bistable Multivibrator and how it can be used in different circuits. In this type of multivibrator, the circuitry can operate in any state according to a signal provided at its input while it does not happen in a monostable multivibrator. This arrangement is also defined as a flip flop because flip flop also operates at more than one condition. It also has the ability to store a single bit of information so it is mostly used in logic circuits and in computer data storage part. This vibrator like other vibrators is used for the production of square waves with providing some delay. These circuits are constructed with numerous kinds of semiconductor components. The most used semiconductor device ...
Hello fellows, I hope you all are doing great. In today’s tutorial, we will have a look at What is Monostable Multivibrator. It is a simple electronic circuit, used to produce a pulse at its output also known as one shot. It generates output pulses according to corresponding circuitry requirements. Its main feature is that after the generation of the output pulse, it regains its stable state and does not produce any further output pulse till not triggers again. This circuitry can be considered as a biased form of multivibrator (such circuitry that is used for implementation of 2-state modules like timers) that is (on) operating in the starting condition till the triggered point and then becomes unstable on its own. In today's post, we will have a look at its circuitry, construction, workin ...
Hello friends, I hope you all are doing great. In today's tutorial, we are gonna have a look at detailed Introduction to TIP122. I t is a Darlington braces NPN transistor. It works like an ordinary NPN transistor, but as it consists of a Darlington pair it has a decent collector current assessment of nearby 5 amperes and it's gain is around 1000. This transistor can bear 100 volts around collector and emitter terminals due to this feature it can be used for high loads. This is a common purpose transistor it used in different industrial projects. It manufactured for less time taking switching submissions. In today’s post, we will have a look at its protection, wreck, distinction, entitlements, etc. I will also share some links where I have connected it with other microcontrollers . You can ...
Hello Everyone! Hope you’re well today. Thank you for viewing this read. In this post today, I’ll be discussing the Introduction to BC640. BC640 is a bipolar junction transistor that belongs to the PNP transistor family. It is composed of silicon material and comes in a TO-92 package. It is used to drive load under 500mA. In this post, you’ll get to know everything related to BC640 covering pinout, working, alternatives, applications, and physical dimensions. Keep reading. Introduction to BC640 BC640 is a PNP bipolar junction transistor mainly used for amplification and switching purpose. It comes with three pins called the emitter, base, and collector. The base is the main terminal responsible for the entire transistor reaction. The small current change at the base terminal is used to con ...
Hi Friends! Glad to see you here. I welcome you on board. In this post today, I’ll be discussing the Introduction to BC327. BC327 is a bipolar junction transistor that falls under the family of PNP transistors . It is composed of silicone material and is used to drive load under 800mA. It’s a current-controlled device that carries three pins where small current generated at the one terminal is used to control large current at the other terminals. Read this post all the way through as you’ll get to know all nuts and bolts of BC327 covering pinout, working, power ratings, applications, and physical dimensions. Let’s get started. Introduction to BC327 BC327 is a PNP bipolar junction transistor that comes in the TO-92 package and is used for switching and amplification purpose. It comes with t ...
Hi Guys! Happy to see you here. Thank you for viewing this read. In this post today, I’ll walk you through the complete Introduction to BC550. BC550 is a low-power low-frequency general-purpose bipolar transistor. It is mainly used to drive loads under 100mA. BC550 carries three terminals where a small current across one terminal is used to control the large current across the remaining terminals. It’s primarily used for amplification and switching purposes. Transistors are critical components and building blocks of modern electronic circuits. Bipolar junction transistors are divided into two main types named NPN transistors and PNP transistors. The BC550 falls under the category of NPN transistors and is available in a plastic TO-92 case. I suggest you read this entire post all the way th ...
Hi Friends! Happy to see you here. I welcome you on board. In this post, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to BC639. BC639 is a high current gain bipolar junction transistor that falls under the NPN transistor family. It constitutes a high collector current and low collector-emitter saturation voltage and is widely used for amplification and switching purposes. It is used to drive load under 500mA. Collector Dissipation is 0.625W while DC Current Gain (hfe) ranges from - 40 to 160 with transition frequency 200MHz. In this post, I’m going to discuss all nitty-gritty of the BC639 transistor covering pinout, working, power ratings, alternatives, applications, and physical dimensions. Continue reading. Introduction to BC639 BC639 is an NPN bipolar junction transistor that carries high col ...
Hi Friends! I hope you’re well today. I welcome you on board. In this post, I’m going to discuss the Introduction to BC549. BC549 is a general purpose bipolar junction transistor that belongs to NPN transistor family. It contains three pins where small current change in one terminal produces a much large current change across other terminals. In other words, it is nothing but a current booster. It is known as a low power low voltage current controlled device and is used for switching and amplification purpose. In this article I’ll be discussing complete details of BC549 transistor i.e. pinout, working principle, power ratings, physical dimensions and applications. Stay tuned. Introduction to BC549 BC549 is an NPN general-purpose bipolar junction transistor. It carries three pins named emit ...
Hi Friends! Glad to see you here. I hope you’re well today. In this post, I’ll walk you through the Introduction to BC548. BC548 is a general-purpose transistor that falls under the family of NPN transistors. It carries three pins that are mainly used for external connection with the circuit. The small current at one terminal is used to control the large current at other terminals. Moreover, it can drive loads under 500mA and is available in TO – 92 package. I suggest you read this post all the way through as you’ll get to know all nuts and bolts of BC548 transistor i.e. pinout, working principle, power ratings, applications, and physical dimensions. Let’s jump right in. Introduction to BC548 BC548 is an NPN general-purpose transistor , comes with three pins named emitter, base and collect ...
